Effect of Mg–Ti Treatment on Nucleation Mechanism of TiN Inclusions and Ferrite
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Solidification Structure
3.2. The Characteristic and Composition of TiN Inclusions
3.3. The Formation Mechanism of Complex Nucleus
4. Discussion
4.1. The Nucleation Effect
4.2. Relationship between Undercooling and TiN Formation
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Addition of Ti element is beneficial to refining microstructure. The equiaxed crystal ratio increased from 15% to 37% after adding only 0.05% Ti. Based on this, the equiaxed crystal ratio was improved from 37% to 50% with an additional 17 ppm of Mg element. TiN particles could promote nucleation of the δ-Fe phase to refine the ferrite structure. After the addition of Mg element, the size of TiN particles decreased. Moreover, TiN had a core of MgO or MgAl2O4 in this case, which promoted formation of TiN particles.
- (2)
- The crystal relationships is (200)TiN//(110)δ-Fe and (400)MgAl2O4//(200)TiN among TiN δ-Fe and MgAl2O4. According to the interface coherence theory, the disregistry between MgO and TiN is 0.068 and that between MgAl2O4 and TiN is 5.02. Similarly, the disregistry between TiN and δ-Fe is 4.41. All of them belong to the effective nucleation range.
- (3)
- The presence of MgO and MgAl2O4 in the molten steel enhanced the nucleation of TiN particles. A large amount of TiN prticles begin to formed which distributed uniformly produced the maximum of constitutional undercooling before the solid–liquid interface exceeding the subcooling of heterogeneous nucleation. A new nucleation has occurred which inhibits the growth of the columnar crystal and enhanced the equiaxed crystal ratio.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | Ti | Mg | N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample 1 | 0.05 | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.30 | 16.4 | 0 | 0 | 0.040 |
Sample 2 | 0.06 | 0.46 | 0.41 | 0.38 | 15.7 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.053 |
Sample 3 | 0.06 | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.39 | 16.1 | 0.05 | 0.0017 | 0.048 |
Sample 4 | 0.05 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.35 | 16.5 | 0.12 | 0 | 0.056 |
Substance | Structure | Lattice Constant/(10−8 cm) | Lattice Constant (1773 K)/(10−8 cm) |
---|---|---|---|
TiN | fcc | 4.2419 | 4.3055 |
δ-Fe | bcc | 2.8664 | 2.9396 |
MgO | fcc | 4.216 | 4.302 |
MgAl2O4 | fcc | 8.0887 | 8.1778 |
Case | [uvw]s | [uvw]n | d[uvw]s | d[uvw]n | θ(deg) | δ (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(100)TiN//(110)δ-Fe | [001] | [−111] | 4.305 | 4.156 | 45 | 4.41 |
[011] | [001] | 3.044 | 2.939 | 45 | ||
[010] | [−110] | 4.305 | 4.156 | 0 | ||
(100)MgO//(100)TiN | [001] | [001] | 4.302 | 4.305 | 0 | 0.068 |
[011] | [011] | 3.042 | 3.044 | 0 | ||
[010] | [010] | 4.302 | 4.305 | 0 | ||
(100)MgAl2O4//(100)TiN | [001] | [001] | 4.089 | 4.305 | 0 | 5.02 |
[011] | [011] | 2.891 | 3.044 | 0 | ||
[010] | [010] | 4.089 | 4.305 | 0 |
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Qu, T.; Zhang, C.; Wang, D.; Zhan, J.; Tian, J.; Hou, D. Effect of Mg–Ti Treatment on Nucleation Mechanism of TiN Inclusions and Ferrite. Metals 2020, 10, 755. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060755
Qu T, Zhang C, Wang D, Zhan J, Tian J, Hou D. Effect of Mg–Ti Treatment on Nucleation Mechanism of TiN Inclusions and Ferrite. Metals. 2020; 10(6):755. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060755
Chicago/Turabian StyleQu, Tianpeng, Caiwei Zhang, Deyong Wang, Jie Zhan, Jun Tian, and Dong Hou. 2020. "Effect of Mg–Ti Treatment on Nucleation Mechanism of TiN Inclusions and Ferrite" Metals 10, no. 6: 755. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060755