Structure Evolution of Ni36Al27Co37 Alloy in the Process of Mechanical Alloying and Plasma Spheroidization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Mechanical Alloying
3.2. Plasma Spheroidization
4. Discussion
4.1. Mechanical Alloying
4.2. Plasma Spheroidization
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- It was demonstrated that in the process of milling of the initial powders of Al, Co, and Ni in the planetary mill, the formation of the alloy occurs according to the mechanism of interaction of plastic components with the formation of a layered structure. With an increase in the MA energy dose adjusted by MA modes and duration time, the lamella thickness in the layered structure decreases from the maximal values of about 12 μm (after 5 h of MA at 150/−300 mode) to about 1 μm. It is shown that the minimal energy dose to achieve an appropriate homogenized structure is 14.7 W⋅h/g.
- (2)
- It was shown that the lowest-energy mode with rotation speeds of the main disc and the bowl of −150 and 300 rpm, respectively, can significantly reduce the amount of Fe impurity. A homogeneous element distribution over the volume of particles was achieved after 25 h of MA at this mode; the amount of Fe impurity does not exceed the acceptable 0.5 wt.%.
- (3)
- It was found that the milling of the initial powders in an attritor leads to the formation of Ni3Al-type intermetallic compound, which, along with the high total energy intensity of the process, leads to a more intense particle size reduction than after MA in the planetary mill. The particle size distribution after 10 h of MA in the attritor is from D10 = 4 μm to D90 = 32 microns, while after 10 h of MA in the planetary mill at the highest-energy mode 200/−600, the particle size distribution is D10 = 18 µm; D50 = 42 μm; D90 = 84 μm.
- (4)
- As a result of the subsequent plasma spheroidization, the irregular-shaped particles of the MA-powder were spheroidized. The spherical particles have the morphology of a cast surface. The particle size of the powders obtained by MA indicated by D90 almost does not change after PS. However, D10 and D50 change significantly due to the elimination of small particles by subsequent air classification and ultrasonic treatment. The structure of the powder particles consists of β- and γ-phases with a grain size of about 5 μm. The phase ratio is as follows: 21% of β-phase and 79% of γ-phase significantly differ from the calculated values. This phenomenon can be explained by the presence of the second FCC phase and impurities of Fe and others.
- (5)
- It was found that after PS, the content of the most low-melting element Al is reduced by 1 wt.% compared to the powder after MA, which must be considered when calculating the initial ratio of components to obtain a given composition.
- (6)
- The particle size distribution from D10 = 12 μm to D90 = 37 μm and the spherical shape of the particles obtained are acceptable for using the powder in selective laser melting machines.
- (7)
- Coercivity of the spherical Ni36Al27Co37 powder obtained is 79 Oe. This allows the use of the powder not only as a feedstock material for selective laser melting, it can also be used as a functional filler in various magnetic composites.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mode | W, W | t, h | D, W⋅h/g | Fe, wt.% |
---|---|---|---|---|
150/−300 | 18 | 5 | 2.9 | 0.07 |
10 | 5.9 | 0.13 | ||
15 | 8.8 | 0.17 | ||
20 | 11.8 | 0.18 | ||
25 | 14.7 | 0.31 | ||
200/−400 | 42 | 5 | 7.0 | 0.40 |
10 | 14.0 | 1.07 | ||
15 | 20.9 | 1.27 | ||
20 | 27.9 | 1.74 | ||
200/−600 | 52 | 5 | 8.7 | 0.60 |
10 | 17.4 | 2.46 | ||
15 | 26.2 | 3.14 | ||
20 | 34.9 | 2.99 |
Production Stage | Al | Fe | Ni | Co | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wt.% | at.% | wt.% | at.% | wt.% | at.% | wt.% | at.% | |
MA | 14.20 | 26.53 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 42.17 | 36.22 | 43.32 | 37.07 |
PS | 13.27 | 25.01 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 42.74 | 37.02 | 43.62 | 37.64 |
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Mazeeva, A.K.; Kim, A.; Ozerskoi, N.E.; Shamshurin, A.I.; Razumov, N.G.; Nazarov, D.V.; Popovich, A.A. Structure Evolution of Ni36Al27Co37 Alloy in the Process of Mechanical Alloying and Plasma Spheroidization. Metals 2021, 11, 1557. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101557
Mazeeva AK, Kim A, Ozerskoi NE, Shamshurin AI, Razumov NG, Nazarov DV, Popovich AA. Structure Evolution of Ni36Al27Co37 Alloy in the Process of Mechanical Alloying and Plasma Spheroidization. Metals. 2021; 11(10):1557. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101557
Chicago/Turabian StyleMazeeva, Alina K., Artem Kim, Nikolay E. Ozerskoi, Aleksey I. Shamshurin, Nikolay G. Razumov, Denis V. Nazarov, and Anatoliy A. Popovich. 2021. "Structure Evolution of Ni36Al27Co37 Alloy in the Process of Mechanical Alloying and Plasma Spheroidization" Metals 11, no. 10: 1557. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101557