Evolution of Defects in CVD-W Irradiated by H/He Neutral Beam Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiment
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. H/He Neutral Beam Irradiation
2.3. Doppler Broadening Spectrometry (DBS)
2.4. SRIM Simulation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. SRIM Simulation Results
3.2. SEM Results
3.3. DB-SPBA Analysis
4. Conclusions
- After the pure H neutral beam irradiation, the S parameters in CVD-W sample at the surface temperature of 1000 °C show a decrease compared with that of the 850 °C sample, which could be associated with the reduction in the concentration of vacancy-type defects. The defect damage layer is narrower, and the defect types tend to be the same in the 1000 °C sample. The SEM results demonstrate that the 1000 °C sample, compared with the 850 °C one, exhibits a flatter surface, which indicates that the surface damage was recovered for the 1000 °C sample to some extent.
- After the H + 6 at.% He neutral beam irradiation, compared with the CVD-W sample at the surface temperature of 700 °C, sample irradiated at 800 °C showed an increment of the S parameter which is ascribed to an increased volume of vacancy type defects. The defect damage layer is wider in the 800 °C sample. In both the 700 °C sample and 800 °C sample, the defect types are complex. The surface morphology of the 800 °C sample shows more pinhole structures, revealing that the damage is more serious compared with that of the 700 °C sample.
- The surface morphology of the samples irradiated by the pure H neutral beam is different from that of the samples irradiated by the H + 6 at.% He neutral beam, which is probably caused by the different kinds of micro defects near the surface.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample No. | Neutral Beam | Heat Flux/MW∙m−2 | Fluence/m−2 | Surface Temperature/°C |
---|---|---|---|---|
No.1 | H | 10 | 3.4 × 1024 | 850 |
No.2 | H | 10 | 3.4 × 1024 | 1000 |
No.3 | H +6% He | 8 | 6.7 × 1024 | 700 |
No.4 | H + 6% He | 8 | 6.7 × 1024 | 800 |
Sample No. | S-layer (2) | S-layer (3) |
---|---|---|
1 | 19.0 ± 1.6 | 30.7 ± 4.5 |
2 | 41.0 ± 0.6 | 101 ± 11 |
3 | 33 ± 10 | 84 ± 16 |
4 | 37 ± 9 | 76 ± 16 |
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Tian, X.; Liu, X.; Gong, M.; He, W.; Fu, X.; Deng, A. Evolution of Defects in CVD-W Irradiated by H/He Neutral Beam Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy. Metals 2021, 11, 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020211
Tian X, Liu X, Gong M, He W, Fu X, Deng A. Evolution of Defects in CVD-W Irradiated by H/He Neutral Beam Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy. Metals. 2021; 11(2):211. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020211
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Xuefen, Xiang Liu, Min Gong, Weidi He, Xinge Fu, and Aihong Deng. 2021. "Evolution of Defects in CVD-W Irradiated by H/He Neutral Beam Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy" Metals 11, no. 2: 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020211