Surface Structuring via Additive Manufacturing to Improve the Performance of Metal and Polymer Joints
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Base Materials
2.2. Surface Structure
2.3. Joining Technique and Characterization Methods
3. Results
3.1. Macroscale Morphologies of the Joints
3.2. Evaluation of Microscale Interfaces
3.3. Mechanical Properties of the Joints
3.4. Analyses of Fracture Surface
4. Discussions
4.1. Interfacial Bonding Mechanisms
4.2. Effect of Surface Structuring
4.3. Influence of the Complexity of the Porous Architecture
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The mechanical properties (ultimate force and failure displacement) of the joints were significantly improved through surface structuring via EBM additive manufacturing. Increasing the surface roughness produced via EBM method processing enhanced the microinterlocking between UHMWPE and TC4, while macroscale porous structuring further enhanced the joint performance at both the macro- and microscale;
- (2)
- The structure complexity and the defects in additive manufacturing should be considered during the surface structure design. Compared with the diamond-shaped architecture, the simplified honeycomb architecture improved the filling efficiency and the mechanical performance, showing better stability;
- (3)
- The interfacial bonding mechanisms of the TC4–UHMWPE joint were mainly attributed to macro- and micromechanical interlocking, along with van der Waals forces and chemical bonding (through -C=O and Ti). Specifically, mechanical interlocking played the dominant role in enhancing the joint strength. Additionally, combining macro- and micromechanical interlocking is a promising strategy to significantly impede the shrinkage of polymer during cooling.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Density | Melting Point | Yield strength | Elongation |
---|---|---|---|---|
UHMWPE | 931 kg/m3 | 137 °C | 20 MPa | 380% |
Material | Al | V | C | Fe | O | N | H | Ti |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ti6Al4V | 6 | 4 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.003 | Bal. |
Group | Strut Size (mm) | Pore Size (mm) | Porosity (%) |
---|---|---|---|
NS | / | / | / |
DS | 0.3 | 0.9 | 71 |
HC | 0.3 | 1.2 | 66 |
Group | Ultimate Force/N | Failure Displacement/mm |
---|---|---|
SP | / | / |
NS | 1131 ± 348 | 0.96 ± 0.53 |
DS | 1641 ± 280 | 2.32 ± 0.44 |
HC | 1751 ± 82 | 1.78 ± 0.44 |
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Zou, X.; Huang, L.; Chen, K.; Jiang, M.; Zhang, S.; Wang, M.; Hua, X.; Shan, A. Surface Structuring via Additive Manufacturing to Improve the Performance of Metal and Polymer Joints. Metals 2021, 11, 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040567
Zou X, Huang L, Chen K, Jiang M, Zhang S, Wang M, Hua X, Shan A. Surface Structuring via Additive Manufacturing to Improve the Performance of Metal and Polymer Joints. Metals. 2021; 11(4):567. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040567
Chicago/Turabian StyleZou, Xin, Lifu Huang, Ke Chen, Muyang Jiang, Shanyong Zhang, Min Wang, Xueming Hua, and Aidang Shan. 2021. "Surface Structuring via Additive Manufacturing to Improve the Performance of Metal and Polymer Joints" Metals 11, no. 4: 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040567