Metallurgical and Mechanical Characterization of Low Carbon Steel—Stainless Steel Dissimilar Joints Made by Laser Autogenous Welding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Dissimilar Welded Joint Microstructure
3.2. Hardness Analysis
3.3. Local and Overall Mechanical Performance of Dissimilar Welded Joints
4. Conclusions
- The assessed local tensile behavior in the weld zone, the HAZ on the CS side, and the HAZ on the SS side of the joint overmatches the yield strength of CS for, respectively, >24%, 12%, and 19%. These data agree with the hardness profile and the detected microstructure heterogeneities of the joint.
- The EDX analysis, employed to assess the wt% of Cr, Ni, and Fe in all regions of the dissimilar welded joint, explicitly demonstrates the fully martensitic stainless steel structure of the weld. As a consequence, it could be anticipated and then demonstrated by tensile testing of welded specimens that the weld remains in an elastic regime during the base metals yielding, and the weakest, in this case CS, determine the breaking load of the joint.
- The detected positive difference in yield between the generated martensitic stainless steel into the weld and the base materials protects the joint from being plastically deformed. As a consequence, the tensile loading of flat transverse specimens produces the strain localization and failure in CS, far away from the weld, which is favorable for dissimilar welded structures subjected to transverse tensile loads.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C | Mn | Si | Cr | Cu | Ni | S | P | Fe | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AISI 1020 | 0.155 | 0.6 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.035 | 0.029 | bal. |
AISI 304L | 0.022 | 1.81 | 0.41 | 18.1 | 0.33 | 9.2 | 0.08 | 0.025 | bal. |
Welding Parameters | |
---|---|
Laser Spot Diameter, mm | 0.5 |
Laser Power, W | 3300 |
Welding Speed, mm/s | 8 |
Power Density (Irradiance), W/cm2 | 1680.7 |
Heat Input, kJ/cm | 2.063 |
Yield Strength, Rp0.2 [MPa] | Tensile Strength, Rm [MPa] | Elastic Modulus, E [GPa] | Elongation at max. Load [%] | Strength Overmatch M, Rp0.2-Weld Zones/Rp0.2-CS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS—AISI 1020 * | 350 | 428 | 205 | 22 | - |
CS—AISI 1020 ** | 353 | 438 | 205 | 22 | 1 |
SS—AISI 304L * | 395 | 725 | 202 | 68 | 1.12 |
Overall CS-SS Joint ** | 361 | 438 | 206 | 12.3 | n.a. |
HAZ CS Side ** | 399 | > 438 | 216 | n.a. | 1.12 |
Weld ** | > 438 | > 438 | n.a. | n.a. | >1.24 |
HAZ SS Side ** | 419 | > 438 | 196 | n.a. | 1.19 |
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Scutelnicu, E.; Iordachescu, M.; Rusu, C.C.; Mihailescu, D.; Ocaña, J.L. Metallurgical and Mechanical Characterization of Low Carbon Steel—Stainless Steel Dissimilar Joints Made by Laser Autogenous Welding. Metals 2021, 11, 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050810
Scutelnicu E, Iordachescu M, Rusu CC, Mihailescu D, Ocaña JL. Metallurgical and Mechanical Characterization of Low Carbon Steel—Stainless Steel Dissimilar Joints Made by Laser Autogenous Welding. Metals. 2021; 11(5):810. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050810
Chicago/Turabian StyleScutelnicu, Elena, Mihaela Iordachescu, Carmen Catalina Rusu, Danut Mihailescu, and José Luis Ocaña. 2021. "Metallurgical and Mechanical Characterization of Low Carbon Steel—Stainless Steel Dissimilar Joints Made by Laser Autogenous Welding" Metals 11, no. 5: 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050810