Recovery of Copper and Magnetite from Copper Slag Using Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Macroscopic Analysis
3.2. SEM-EDX
3.3. Size of the Nodules
3.4. Grinding and Magnetic Separation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Process | Temperature | Installation | Researcher |
---|---|---|---|---|
Si | Dissociation of Si3N4 by carbothermal reduction of SiO2 under an N2 atmosphere | >1400 °C | OSF | Jean P. Murray, Gilles Flamant, Carolyn J. Roos [28] |
Si | Carbothermic reduction of SiO2 under vacuum conditions at a high temperature | 1725–2000 °C | PSI | Peter G. Loutzenhiser, Ozan Tuerk, Aldo Steinfeld [29] |
Al | Production of aluminum via carbothermal reduction | >2000 °C | PSI and OSF | Jean P. Murray [30,31,32] |
Al | Production of aluminum using both electricity and heat generated using solar energy | ≃1000 °C | UKR | Y. M. Lytvynenko [33] |
Zn | Production of zinc via CSP to be used in water and carbon dioxide splitting (scaled up to demonstration plant scale [34]) | >1750 °C | Mainly at the PSI, OSF, and WIS | E. A. Fletcher, R. D. Palumbo, T. Osinga, M. Epstein A. Steinfeld, C. Wieckert, L. Schunck, W. Villasmil, E. Koepft, and others [35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45] |
Fe, Mn, Cd | Treatment of different materials containing iron | >1100 °C | Mainly at the PSI, PSA, OSF, and WIS | F. Sibieude, A. Steinfeld, E. A. Fletcher, I. Ruiz-Bustinza, J. Mochón and others [46,47,48,49] |
Fe | O | Si | Al | Cu | Ca | Na | S | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
42.82 | 36.15 | 10.36 | 3.24 | 1.84 | 1.76 | 0.99 | 0.52 | 2.32 |
Sample | Lime | Shutter Opening | Time (min) | Average Incident Radiation (W/m2) | Power (W) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CuSin1 | No | 80 | 20 | 941.2 | 1129 |
CuSin2 | No | 88 | 25 | 955.8 | 1262 |
CuSin3 | No | 41 | 30 | 915.5 | 563 |
Cusinbonus | No | 60 | 23 | 867.8 | 781 |
CuCon1 (stop in the middle of the experiment) | Yes | 92 | - | 938 | 1294 |
CuCon2 | Yes | 100 | 15 | 939.5 | 1409 |
CuCon3 | Yes | 84 | 20 | 973 | 1226 |
Element | Original Copper Slag | CuSin1 | CuSin2 | CuSin3 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magnetic | Magnetic | Non-Magnetic | Magnetic | Non-Magnetic | ||
Cu | 1.84 | 1.34 | 1.29 | 11.72 | 1.27 | 7.09 |
Fe | 42.82 | 38.53 | 44.75 | 43.51 | 45.45 | 45.34 |
O | 36.15 | 37.98 | 36.17 | 32.50 | 35.94 | 33.43 |
Si | 10.36 | 12.28 | 10.39 | 6.20 | 9.85 | 6.90 |
Al | 3.24 | 5.94 | 2.47 | 1.16 | 2.67 | 1.82 |
Ca | 1.76 | 0.88 | 1.06 | 1.64 | 1.10 | 2.08 |
Na | 0.99 | 0.71 | 0.87 | 0.30 | 0.78 | 0.43 |
K | 0.69 | 0.64 | 0.75 | 0.56 | 0.76 | 0.62 |
S | 0.52 | 0.25 | 0.63 | 0.88 | 0.60 | 0.58 |
Others | 1.63 | 1.46 | 1.62 | 1.52 | 1.58 | 1.70 |
Element | Cubonus | CuCon1 | CuCon2 | CuCon3 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magnetic | Magnetic | Non-Magnetic | Magnetic | Non-Magnetic | Magnetic | |
Cu | 0.88 | 1.28 | 7.25 | 1.01 | 5.34 | 1.52 |
Fe | 39.05 | 42.21 | 23.24 | 38.02 | 32.27 | 38.26 |
O | 37.63 | 34.64 | 35.68 | 37.83 | 34.78 | 37.55 |
Si | 11.63 | 7.22 | 6.42 | 11.48 | 7.32 | 11.31 |
Al | 5.80 | 2.85 | 10.02 | 6.50 | 5.24 | 6.31 |
Ca | 1.93 | 8.52 | 14.29 | 2.05 | 12.24 | 2.22 |
Na | 0.62 | 0.47 | 0.27 | 0.69 | 0.33 | 0.53 |
K | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.46 | 0.67 | 0.46 | 0.65 |
S | 0.25 | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.30 | 0.58 | 0.24 |
Others | 1.53 | 1.47 | 1.61 | 1.45 | 1.44 | 1.42 |
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Fernández-González, D.; Prazuch, J.; Ruiz-Bustinza, Í.; González-Gasca, C.; Gómez-Rodríguez, C.; Verdeja, L.F. Recovery of Copper and Magnetite from Copper Slag Using Concentrated Solar Power (CSP). Metals 2021, 11, 1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071032
Fernández-González D, Prazuch J, Ruiz-Bustinza Í, González-Gasca C, Gómez-Rodríguez C, Verdeja LF. Recovery of Copper and Magnetite from Copper Slag Using Concentrated Solar Power (CSP). Metals. 2021; 11(7):1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071032
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernández-González, Daniel, Janusz Prazuch, Íñigo Ruiz-Bustinza, Carmen González-Gasca, Cristian Gómez-Rodríguez, and Luis Felipe Verdeja. 2021. "Recovery of Copper and Magnetite from Copper Slag Using Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)" Metals 11, no. 7: 1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071032