Evaluation of Fracture Properties of Two Metallic Materials under Hydrogen Gas Conditions by Using XFEM
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method of Experiments and Analyses
2.1. Experimental Procedure
2.2. XFEM and Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm
2.3. Analysis procedure
3. Evaluation of Slow Strain Rate Tensile Specimen
3.1. Analysis Models and Conditions
3.2. Analysis Results and Discussion
4. Evaluation of Compact Tension Specimen
4.1. Analysis Models and Conditions
4.2. Analysis Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The XFEM damage parameters of the Al6061-T6 alloy and SA372 steel were derived using SSRT specimens. The maximum differences in the load and total displacement between the experiments and analyses were within 5% for all materials and conditions;
- Experiments and analyses on ½T-CT specimens made of SA372 steel were performed in the presence of noble and hydrogen gases. For both cases, fracture resistance curves were compared. The differences in JQ values in the presence of noble and hydrogen gases were 8.4 kN/m and 4.1 kN/m, respectively. This suggests that the analysis method was reasonable;
- The JQ value of SA372 steel was determined following the ASTM 1820 standard. The JQ value in the presence of 62.5 MPa hydrogen gas was observed to be significantly lower (by a factor of 88.1%) than that in the presence of 62.5 MPa noble gas;
- The JQ values of the Al6061-T6 alloy were derived in a similar manner, and it was observed to be lower by only 3.8% for the ½T-CT specimen in the presence of 10 MPa hydrogen gas. This suggests that the behavior of Al6061-T6 alloy is not affected by hydrogen gas.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Sub-population size | 10 |
Number of island | 10 |
Number of generation | 10 |
Rate of crossover | 1 |
Rate of mutation | 0.01 |
Rate of migration | 0.01 |
Interval of migration | 5 |
Al6061-T6 | (wt%) | ||||||||
Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Cr | Zn | Ti | Al | |
0.4~0.8 | 0.70 | 0.15~0.40 | 0.15 | 0.8~1.2 | 0.04~0.35 | 0.25 | 0.15 | rest | |
SA372 | (wt%) | ||||||||
Si | C | P | Mn | S | Cr | Mo | |||
0.15~0.35 | 0.35~0.50 | ≤0.024 | 0.75~1.05 | ≤0.015 | 0.8~1.15 | 0.15~0.25 |
Material | Condition | Elastic Modulus [GPa] | Poisson’s Ratio | Yield Strength [MPa] | Ultimate Tensile Strength [MPa] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al6061-T6 | 10 MPa 100% noble gas | 69.2 | 0.33 | 252.5 ± 4 | 320.3 ± 8 |
10 MPa 100% hydrogen gas | 68.9 | 0.33 | 255.1 ± 5 | 320 ± 4 | |
SA372 | 62.5 MPa 100% noble gas | 209 | 0.29 | 637 ± 6 | 823.1 ± 13 |
62.5 MPa 100% hydrogen gas | 209 | 0.29 | 627.3 ± 16 | 817.1 ± 2 |
Material | Condition | Cohesive Streght [MPa] | Cohesive Energy [kN/m] | Critical Separation [mm] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Al6061-T6 | 10 MPa 100% noble gas | 575 | 100 | 0.35 |
10 MPa 100% hydrogen gas | 600 | 60 | 0.2 | |
SA372 | 62.5 MPa 100% noble gas | 1980 | 50 | 0.05 |
62.5 MPa 100% hydrogen gas | 1260 | 180 | 0.28 |
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Kim, D.-H.; Park, M.J.; Chang, Y.-S.; Baek, U.B. Evaluation of Fracture Properties of Two Metallic Materials under Hydrogen Gas Conditions by Using XFEM. Metals 2022, 12, 1813. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111813
Kim D-H, Park MJ, Chang Y-S, Baek UB. Evaluation of Fracture Properties of Two Metallic Materials under Hydrogen Gas Conditions by Using XFEM. Metals. 2022; 12(11):1813. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111813
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Dong-Hyun, Min Jeong Park, Yoon-Suk Chang, and Un Bong Baek. 2022. "Evaluation of Fracture Properties of Two Metallic Materials under Hydrogen Gas Conditions by Using XFEM" Metals 12, no. 11: 1813. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111813