Effect of Sc, Hf, and Yb Additions on Superplasticity of a Fine-Grained Al-0.4%Zr Alloy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Initial State Characterization
3.2. Tests at Elevated Temperatures
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
References
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Alloy No. | Doping Elements, wt.%/at.% 1 | Casting Modes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zr | Sc | Hf | Yb | ∑ | ||
1 | 0.4 | - | - | - | 0.4 | Argon purging before melting: 3 cycles Argon purging during heating: 3 cycles Induction stirring Cooling: 50–250 s, under vibration Time to melt: 6–10 min Melt temperature: 800 °C Holding time before pouring: 60 min Pouring temperature: 760 °C |
0.118 | - | - | - | 0.118 | ||
2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | - | - | 0.4 | |
0.089 | 0.167 | - | - | 0.255 | ||
3 | 0.3 | - | 0.1 | - | 0.4 | |
0.089 | - | 0.015 | - | 0.104 | ||
4 | 0.3 | - | - | 0.1 | 0.4 | |
0.089 | - | - | 0.016 | 0.105 | ||
5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | - | 0.4 | |
0.059 | 0.167 | 0.015 | - | 0.241 | ||
6 | 0.2 | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | |
0.059 | - | 0.015 | 0.016 | 0.090 | ||
7 | 0.2 | 0.1 | - | 0.1 | 0.4 | |
0.059 | 0.167 | - | 0.016 | 0.242 | ||
8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | |
0.030 | 0.167 | 0.015 | 0.016 | 0.228 |
Alloy No. | σb, MPa | δ, % 1 | HV, MPa |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 115 | 15–20 | 410 ± 10 |
2 | 140 | 20–25 | 455 ± 15 |
3 | 115 | 20–25 | 385 ± 15 |
4 | 125 | 15–20 | 410 ± 10 |
5 | 145 | 25–30 | 465 ± 10 |
6 | 125 | 20–25 | 415 ± 10 |
7 | 135 | 20–25 | 480 ± 20 |
8 | 140 | 20–25 | 455 ± 10 |
Alloy No. | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
σb, MPa | δ, % | σb, MPa | δ, % | σb, MPa | δ, % | σb, MPa | δ, % | σb, MPa | δ, % | |
1 | 47 ± 2 | 185 ± 10 | 20 ± 2 | 240 ± 20 | 14 ± 1 | 230 ± 20 | 10 ± 0.5 | 215 ± 20 | 8 ± 0.5 | 155 ± 15 |
2 | 53 ± 4 | 195 ± 10 | 20 ± 1 | 255 ± 20 | 11 ± 0.5 | 475 ± 25 | 7 ± 0.5 | 400 ± 30 | 5 ± 0.3 | 685 ± 40 |
3 | 28 ± 2 | 190 ± 10 | 23 ± 1 | 180 ± 15 | 15 ± 1 | 215 ± 15 | 9 ± 0.5 | 145 ± 15 | 7 ± 0.5 | 150 ± 15 |
4 | 31 ± 2 | 190 ± 10 | 27 ± 2 | 185 ± 15 | 17 ± 1 | 185 ± 15 | 9 ± 0.5 | 135 ± 10 | 9 ± 0.5 | 135 ± 10 |
5 | 31 ± 2 | 220 ± 15 | 21 ± 1 | 280 ± 25 | 12 ± 0.5 | 325 ± 25 | 8 ± 0.5 | 765 ± 40 | 6 ± 0.5 | 525 ± 40 |
6 | 38 ± 3 | 185 ± 10 | 26 ± 2 | 175 ± 15 | 16 ± 1 | 145 ± 10 | 13 ± 1 | 155 ± 15 | 7 ± 0.5 | 155 ± 15 |
7 | 30 ± 1 | 210 ± 20 | 20 ± 1 | 295 ± 25 | 11 ± 1 | 455 ± 30 | 8 ± 0.5 | 360 ± 35 | 9 ± 0.5 | 250 ± 20 |
8 | 31 ± 2 | 260 ± 20 | 21 ± 2 | 265 ± 15 | 12 ± 1 | 325 ± 25 | 8 ± 0.5 | 385 ± 30 | 7 ± 0.5 | 320 ± 30 |
Alloy No. | T = 400 °C | T = 500 °C | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.3 × 10−4 | 3.3 × 10−3 | 3.3 × 10−2 | 3.3 × 10−1 | 3.3 × 10−4 | 3.3 × 10−3 | 3.3 × 10−2 | 3.3 × 10−1 | |
1 | - | 14 ± 0.5 | 25 ± 1 | - | - | 8 ± 0.5 | 11 ± 0.5 | 14 ± 1 |
- | 230 ± 20 | 130 ± 10 | - | - | 155 ± 10 | 160 ± 15 | 180 ± 15 | |
2 | 7 ± 0.5 | 11 ± 0.5 | 26 ± 1 | - | 3 ± 0.2 | 5 ± 0.3 | 13 ± 1 | - |
335 ± 30 | 475 ± 35 | 280 ± 20 | - | 435 ± 35 | 685 ± 35 | 385 ± 25 | - | |
3 | - | 15 ± 1 | 34 ± 2 | 45 ± 2 | - | 7 ± 0.4 | 9 ± 0.5 | 13 ± 1 |
- | 215 ± 20 | 155 ± 15 | 105 ± 10 | - | 150 ± 10 | 200 ± 15 | 195 ± 15 | |
4 | - | 17 ± 1 | 34 ± 2 | 47 ± 3 | - | 9 ± 0.5 | 11 ± 0.5 | 14 ± 1 |
- | 185 ± 15 | 150 ± 15 | 105 ± 10 | - | 135 ± 10 | 110 ± 10 | 150 ± 15 | |
5 | 7 ± 0.5 | 12 ± 0.5 | 27 ± 2 | - | 5 ± 0.3 | 6 ± 0.3 | 11 ± 1 | - |
340 ± 30 | 325 ± 25 | 235 ± 20 | - | 500 ± 30 | 525 ± 35 | 515 ± 35 | - | |
6 | - | 16 ± 1 | 29 ± 2 | 35 ± 2 | - | 7 ± 0.4 | 10 ± 0.5 | 14 ± 1 |
- | 145 ± 15 | 130 ± 10 | 115 ± 10 | - | 155 ± 15 | 110 ± 10 | 150 ± 10 | |
7 | - | 11 ± 0.5 | 24 ± 1 | 44 ± 3 | - | 9 ± 0.5 | 12 ± 1 | 29 ± 2 |
- | 455 ± 40 | 275 ± 30 | 160 ± 15 | - | 250 ± 25 | 440 ± 35 | 215 ± 15 | |
8 | - | 12 ± 1 | 21 ± 1 | 45 ± 3 | - | 7 ± 0.4 | 14 ± 1 | 30 ± 2 |
- | 325 ± 35 | 280 ± 25 | 135 ± 10 | - | 320 ± 30 | 300 ± 25 | 145 ± 10 |
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Nokhrin, A.V.; Gryaznov, M.Y.; Shotin, S.V.; Nagicheva, G.S.; Chegurov, M.K.; Bobrov, A.A.; Kopylov, V.I.; Chuvil’deev, V.N. Effect of Sc, Hf, and Yb Additions on Superplasticity of a Fine-Grained Al-0.4%Zr Alloy. Metals 2023, 13, 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010133
Nokhrin AV, Gryaznov MY, Shotin SV, Nagicheva GS, Chegurov MK, Bobrov AA, Kopylov VI, Chuvil’deev VN. Effect of Sc, Hf, and Yb Additions on Superplasticity of a Fine-Grained Al-0.4%Zr Alloy. Metals. 2023; 13(1):133. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010133
Chicago/Turabian StyleNokhrin, Aleksey V., Mikhail Yu. Gryaznov, Sergey V. Shotin, Galina S. Nagicheva, Mikhail K. Chegurov, Aleksandr A. Bobrov, Vladimir I. Kopylov, and Vladimir N. Chuvil’deev. 2023. "Effect of Sc, Hf, and Yb Additions on Superplasticity of a Fine-Grained Al-0.4%Zr Alloy" Metals 13, no. 1: 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010133