A Study on the Dynamic Evolution Mechanism of the Steady Magnetic Field on the Internal Flow Behavior of a Laser Melting Pool
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Numerical Model
2.1. Geometric Model
2.2. Physical Model and Assumptions
2.3. Governing Equations
2.4. Moving the Grid
2.5. Boundary Conditions
2.6. Grid Division
3. Laser Melting Experiments
3.1. Laser Melting Experimental Setup
3.2. Experiment Materials
4. Numerical Simulation Results and Analysis
4.1. Effect of Magnetic Field Strength on Laser Melting Temperature Field
4.2. Effect of Magnetic Field Strength on the Flow Field of the Laser Melt Pool
4.2.1. The Effect of the Magnetic Field on the Flow Field of the Molten Pool
4.2.2. Influence of Marangoni Force on the Flow Field of Laser Melting Pool
4.2.3. Effect of Magnetic Field Strength on the Shape of the Laser Melt Pool
5. Experimental Verification
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Physics | Boundary Conditions | Boundary | Physical Condition |
---|---|---|---|
Heat transfer | Boundary heat source | 5 | Laser irradiation |
Convection | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 | Natural convection | |
Diffuse surface | 5 | Radiation | |
Fluid flow | Tangential stress | 5 | Marangoni effect |
Normal stress | 5 | Weak contribution | |
Lorentz force | Domain 1, Domain 2 | Magnetic field | |
Wall | 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 | No-slip wall |
Property | Symbol | Value |
---|---|---|
Liquidus temperature (K) | Tl | 1723 |
Solidus temperature (K) | Ts | 1673 |
Melting temperature (K) | Tm | 1698 |
Liquid phase density (kg/m3) | ρl | 6350 |
Solid phase density (kg/m3) | ρs | 7980 |
Thermal conductivity of liquid phase (W/(m∙K)) | kl | 40 |
Thermal conductivity of solid phase (W/(m∙K)) | ks | 50 |
Specific heat of liquid phase (J/(kg∙K)) | Cpl | 746 |
Specific heat of solid phase (J/(kg∙K)) | Cps | 464 |
Constant in surface tension gradient (N/(m∙K)) | Aγ | 2.8 × 10−4 |
Latent heat of fusion (J/kg) | Lf | 2.47 × 105 |
Surface tension of pure metal (N/m) | γm | 1.588 |
Thermal expansion coefficient (1/K) | β | 1.1 × 10−5 |
Convective coefficient (W/(m2∙K)) | h | 10 |
Emissivity | ε | 0.5 |
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.02 | 0.55 | 1.55 | <0.03 | <0.03 | 10.0 | 16.5 | 2.08 | Bal. |
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Xie, S.; Jiang, K.; Wang, L.; Yao, J. A Study on the Dynamic Evolution Mechanism of the Steady Magnetic Field on the Internal Flow Behavior of a Laser Melting Pool. Metals 2023, 13, 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13040720
Xie S, Jiang K, Wang L, Yao J. A Study on the Dynamic Evolution Mechanism of the Steady Magnetic Field on the Internal Flow Behavior of a Laser Melting Pool. Metals. 2023; 13(4):720. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13040720
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Songjing, Ke Jiang, Liang Wang, and Jianhua Yao. 2023. "A Study on the Dynamic Evolution Mechanism of the Steady Magnetic Field on the Internal Flow Behavior of a Laser Melting Pool" Metals 13, no. 4: 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13040720