The Effects of Double-Step Homogenization on Precipitation Behavior of Al3Zr Dispersoids and Microstructural Evolution in 2196 Aluminum Alloy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. As-Cast Microstructure
3.2. Microstructural Evolution during First-Step Homogenization
3.3. Microstructural Evolution during Second-Step Homogenization
3.4. Precipitation Behavior of Al3Zr Dispersoids during Different Homogenization Processes
3.5. Precipitation of Al3Zr Dispersoids during Different Heating Rates
4. Discussions
4.1. Nucleation Model of Al3Zr Dispersoids
4.2. Homogenization Kinetic Analysis
5. Conclusions
- During the second-step homogenization, regardless of the different first-step homogenization temperatures, most of the microsegregation is eliminated, and the θ’ precipitates formed during first-step homogenization are dissolved. The different first-step homogenization temperatures can result in a different distribution of Al3Zr dispersoids after a second-step homogenization at 520 °C. The optimized homogenization process of 400 °C/10 h + 520 °C/24 h can effectively dissolve the primary phases and refine the distribution of Al3Zr dispersoids.
- Decreasing the heating rate of the homogenization process can greatly increase the number density of the Al3Zr dispersoids. However, regulation of the heating rate could not improve the uniformity of the Al3Zr dispersoids.
- The corresponding precipitation of the Al3Zr dispersoids model and dissolution kinetics of the primary phases have been developed for the homogenization process of the 2196 alloy, which corresponds well with these experimental results.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alloy | Cu | Li | Mg | Ag | Mn | Zn | Zr | Fe | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2196 | 2.80 | 1.67 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.021 | Balance |
Point | Al | Cu | Mg | Cr | Fe | Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 76.16 | 13.28 | 10.17 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.11 |
B | 70.31 | 17.66 | 3.01 | 0.03 | 6.72 | 2.27 |
C | 77.09 | 17.73 | 4.80 | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.13 |
Point | Al | Cu | Mg | Ag | Fe | Mn | Zn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 82.66 | 7.48 | 1.70 | 0.39 | 2.25 | 5.41 | 0.09 |
B | 90.25 | 7.91 | 1.00 | 0.56 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.16 |
C | 87.33 | 9.07 | 2.32 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.93 | 0.10 |
D | 80.57 | 11.69 | 4.39 | 0.38 | 4.39 | 0.57 | 0.36 |
E | 73.97 | 16.33 | 1.49 | 0.18 | 6.41 | 1.05 | 0.53 |
F | 94.63 | 1.79 | 2.20 | 0.12 | 1.05 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
Homogenization Parameters | r (nm) | Nv (μm−3) | fv (%) | fv/r (μm−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
350 °C/10 h + 520 °C/24 h | 18 | 9.3 | 0.48 | 0.267 |
375 °C/10 h + 520 °C/24 h | 14 | 9.7 | 0.32 | 0.229 |
400 °C/10 h + 520 °C/24 h | 11 | 12.1 | 0.61 | 0.554 |
425 °C/10 h + 520 °C/24 h | 13 | 7.7 | 0.39 | 0.3 |
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Zhou, H.; Ding, L.; Liu, M.; Zeng, Y.; Lei, X.; Weng, Y.; Wang, K.; Jia, Z. The Effects of Double-Step Homogenization on Precipitation Behavior of Al3Zr Dispersoids and Microstructural Evolution in 2196 Aluminum Alloy. Metals 2023, 13, 1018. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061018
Zhou H, Ding L, Liu M, Zeng Y, Lei X, Weng Y, Wang K, Jia Z. The Effects of Double-Step Homogenization on Precipitation Behavior of Al3Zr Dispersoids and Microstructural Evolution in 2196 Aluminum Alloy. Metals. 2023; 13(6):1018. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061018
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Hongyu, Lipeng Ding, Manping Liu, Ying Zeng, Xiuchuan Lei, Yaoyao Weng, Kui Wang, and Zhihong Jia. 2023. "The Effects of Double-Step Homogenization on Precipitation Behavior of Al3Zr Dispersoids and Microstructural Evolution in 2196 Aluminum Alloy" Metals 13, no. 6: 1018. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061018