Electro-Chemical Actuation of Nanoporous Metal Materials Induced by Surface Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Actuation Mechanism of Nanoporous Metals
3. Preparation Methods of Nanoporous Metals
4. Experimental Strategies
4.1. Contact Method: In Situ Dilatometry Measurement
4.2. Contact Method: Mechanical Strain Gauge
4.3. Non-Contact Method: Wafer Bending Monitored by Laser Deflection
5. Actuation Properties of Nanoporous Metals
5.1. Electrochemical Actuation with Noble Metals
5.2. Electrochemical Actuation of Non-Noble Metals
5.3. Chemical Actuation
5.4. Physical Adsorption-Induced Actuation
5.5. Electrolyte-Free Actuation
6. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhao, S.; Li, J.; Hao, J.; Wang, T.; Gu, J.; An, C.; Deng, Q.; Wang, Z.; Wu, S.; Zhao, L.; et al. Electro-Chemical Actuation of Nanoporous Metal Materials Induced by Surface Stress. Metals 2023, 13, 1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071198
Zhao S, Li J, Hao J, Wang T, Gu J, An C, Deng Q, Wang Z, Wu S, Zhao L, et al. Electro-Chemical Actuation of Nanoporous Metal Materials Induced by Surface Stress. Metals. 2023; 13(7):1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071198
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Shuo, Jiaxiang Li, Jindong Hao, Tianyu Wang, Jie Gu, Cuihua An, Qibo Deng, Zhifeng Wang, Shuai Wu, Libin Zhao, and et al. 2023. "Electro-Chemical Actuation of Nanoporous Metal Materials Induced by Surface Stress" Metals 13, no. 7: 1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071198