Study on the Leaching Conditions of the Shihongtan Uranium Deposit
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Tectonic Background and Regional Geological Setting
3. Material and Method
3.1. Material
3.1.1. Rock
3.1.2. Chemistry of Aquifer Groundwater
3.2. Method
3.2.1. Mineralogy
3.2.2. Batch Test
- (1)
- Sample processing. Firstly, the mud skin was removed from the surface of the core sample to avoid its impact on the test. Secondly, the cores were broken and then screened according to the particle size of less than 0.25 mm, 0.25~0.5 mm, 0.5~1 mm, and greater than 1 mm. Thirdly, the rock samples of each particle size were thoroughly stirred to make them uniform. Finally, the samples were reconfigured according to the ore grading and reserved for leaching tests.
- (2)
- Preparation of solution. Using mineral water as the matrix, NH4HCO3 was added to prepare 750 mL of HCO3− extractant with concentrations of 500 mg/L, 650 mg/L, 800 mg/L, 950 mg/L, and 1100 mg/L, respectively. Ultrapure water was used as the HCO3− concentration 0 solution and it was placed in a sealed reactor.
- (3)
- Loading. The autoclave was charged with the sample, and then the bolts were tightened and evenly distributed on the flange to achieve reliable sealing without leakage.
- (4)
- Inject CO2 + O2. A gas mixture with a CO2:O2 ratio of 1:1 was injected and the pressure was adjusted to control the pH distribution of the leaching system to 6.2, 6.4, 6.6, and 6.8.
- (5)
- On-line sampling and monitoring. During the leaching process, all data in the autoclave were detected in real time by the detection and control system, and feedback was displayed in time by the pH display table, OPR display table, dissolved oxygen display table, and pressure display table. At the predetermined sampling time, the uranium concentration and bicarbonate concentration of the uranium mineral leaching solution were detected through the sampling port, and the sampling volume was measured.
- (6)
- When the test time reached 48 h, the oxygen outlet was closed and the exhaust port was opened. After the internal pressure of the reactor was restored to 1 atmospheric pressure (external pressure), the bolts of the cover were unscrewed in turn, the reactor cover was opened, the leaching supernatant and slag sample were removed, and the reactor was cleaned.
- (7)
- Solid–liquid separation. After the test, the supernatant was taken and placed in a polyethylene centrifuge bottle to analyze anions in the leaching solution. At the same time, the slag sample in the autoclave was placed in a centrifugal bottle, and the centrifugal speed was set at 45 r/min for 5 min to separate the solid and liquid. The chemical composition of centrifugal liquefaction components were detected.
- (8)
- Cleaning the slag. After centrifugation, the slag was washed. A total of 100 mL deionized water was added to each group of slag samples, and the samples were stirred evenly. The samples were put into a centrifuge for solid–liquid separation, and the centrifugal liquefaction components were detected. The cleaned slag sample was dried at a low temperature in a drier; then, the slag was weighed and mixed evenly, and 50 g was taken for conducting the major element analysis.
4. Result
4.1. Form and Distribution of Uranium
4.2. Uranium
4.2.1. Uranium Concentration
4.2.2. Relationship between pH and HCO3−
4.2.3. Precipitation in U Leaching
5. Discussion
6. Result
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
t | CO2:O2 = 1:1 | CO2:O2 = 1:3 | CO2:O2 = 1:7 | CO2:O2 = 1:10 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | |
0 | 7.60458 | 10.11685 | 8.93803 | 9.5217 | 7.44197 | 9.08301 | 10.78159 | 10.64274 | 6.93894 | 8.52062 | 7.63175 | 6.73 | 6.967 | 6.56187 | 8.01769 | 6.37418 |
1 | 18.34184 | 18.90831 | 18.89222 | 19.84814 | 13.3461 | 17.29962 | 14.23818 | 17.54023 | 14.43997 | 19.21386 | 17.18365 | 17.38936 | 14.055 | 14.35018 | 14.29984 | 13.75811 |
2 | 25.79157 | 22.84245 | 24.04522 | 24.47714 | 16.30054 | 21.85135 | 17.0571 | 21.45476 | 17.08004 | 23.35944 | 23.35491 | 24.0103 | 17.523 | 18.02553 | 19.39315 | 18.26911 |
4 | 26.82705 | 28.01986 | 27.54211 | 29.42099 | 20.92645 | 25.16433 | 21.25599 | 26.00173 | 20.79791 | 26.25737 | 27.25434 | 31.21216 | 20.899 | 22.53461 | 20.84075 | 22.52334 |
8 | 32.09153 | 31.42265 | 31.25668 | 33.08043 | 25.57186 | 28.96378 | 26.06878 | 29.58387 | 26.00566 | 34.04085 | 33.45517 | 33.85589 | 25.784 | 26.03549 | 30.4218 | 29.2562 |
12 | 36.12264 | 34.77399 | 33.82721 | 36.0198 | 28.32943 | 31.24583 | 30.81595 | 33.23257 | 30.46729 | 35.7006 | 35.85647 | 37.16542 | 29.0455 | 28.8646 | 32.3488 | 34.63547 |
24 | 40.93494 | 39.61399 | 39.94124 | 42.96927 | 37.56604 | 36.21887 | 36.73767 | 37.06246 | 36.57258 | 42.55012 | 40.57395 | 42.07826 | 38.573 | 34.14263 | 40.0642 | 43.68072 |
36 | 43.52884 | 43.94837 | 43.4745 | 42.65271 | 41.42968 | 38.84805 | 40.54568 | 41.696 | 42.61494 | 45.66048 | 45.89132 | 44.75 | 40.951 | 41.60074 | 46.28897 | 48.614 |
48 | 46.23752 | 46.4745 | 46.5575 | 47.2405 | 46.9305 | 45.239 | 44.043 | 43.2655 | 45.35863 | 47.50854 | 47.17843 | 47.70715 | 48.216 | 48.197 | 48.13631 | 49.149 |
72 | 47.3419 | 48.33115 | 48.557 | 50.375 | 48.6845 | 47.521 | 46.6975 | 46.6055 | 49.95361 | 49.23819 | 48.98395 | 49.52528 | 50.745 | 53.2415 | 50.27 | 52.194 |
t | CO2:O2 = 1:1 | CO2:O2 = 1:3 | CO2:O2 = 1:7 | CO2:O2 = 1:10 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | |
0 | 0.12187 | 0.16213 | 0.14324 | 0.15259 | 0.11926 | 0.14556 | 0.17278 | 0.17056 | 0.1112 | 0.13655 | 0.1223 | 0.10785 | 0.11165 | 0.10516 | 0.12849 | 0.12187 |
1 | 0.29096 | 0.30058 | 0.29999 | 0.31521 | 0.21224 | 0.27496 | 0.22722 | 0.27918 | 0.22933 | 0.30494 | 0.27273 | 0.27571 | 0.22327 | 0.22781 | 0.22742 | 0.29096 |
2 | 0.40621 | 0.36144 | 0.37971 | 0.38682 | 0.25795 | 0.34537 | 0.27082 | 0.33974 | 0.27017 | 0.36908 | 0.3682 | 0.37814 | 0.27692 | 0.28467 | 0.30621 | 0.40621 |
4 | 0.42194 | 0.44009 | 0.43284 | 0.46193 | 0.32822 | 0.3957 | 0.33462 | 0.40881 | 0.32665 | 0.4131 | 0.42744 | 0.48755 | 0.32821 | 0.35317 | 0.32821 | 0.42194 |
8 | 0.50045 | 0.49085 | 0.48824 | 0.51651 | 0.39751 | 0.45237 | 0.4064 | 0.46224 | 0.40432 | 0.52919 | 0.51992 | 0.52698 | 0.40107 | 0.40538 | 0.4711 | 0.50045 |
12 | 0.55946 | 0.5399 | 0.52586 | 0.55953 | 0.43787 | 0.48577 | 0.47588 | 0.51565 | 0.46963 | 0.55348 | 0.55507 | 0.57542 | 0.44881 | 0.44679 | 0.49931 | 0.55946 |
24 | 0.62856 | 0.6094 | 0.61365 | 0.65932 | 0.5705 | 0.55718 | 0.56091 | 0.57064 | 0.55729 | 0.65184 | 0.6228 | 0.64597 | 0.58561 | 0.52258 | 0.61009 | 0.62856 |
36 | 0.66508 | 0.67043 | 0.66341 | 0.65486 | 0.6249 | 0.5942 | 0.61453 | 0.63588 | 0.64238 | 0.69563 | 0.69768 | 0.68359 | 0.6191 | 0.6276 | 0.69774 | 0.66508 |
48 | 0.70247 | 0.7053 | 0.70596 | 0.71819 | 0.70083 | 0.68242 | 0.66281 | 0.65755 | 0.68025 | 0.72114 | 0.71545 | 0.72441 | 0.71938 | 0.71865 | 0.72324 | 0.70247 |
72 | 0.71741 | 0.73041 | 0.73301 | 0.76058 | 0.72456 | 0.71328 | 0.69871 | 0.70272 | 0.7424 | 0.74454 | 0.73987 | 0.749 | 0.75358 | 0.78688 | 0.7521 | 0.71741 |
t | CO2:O2 = 1:1 | CO2:O2 = 1:3 | CO2:O2 = 1:7 | CO2:O2 = 1:10 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | |
0 | −0.481 | −0.4189 | −0.2072 | −0.2042 | −0.0229 | −0.0369 | 0.165 | 0.2484 | 0.1671 | 0.2438 | 0.3622 | 0.4832 | 0.4482 | 0.5511 | 0.5497 | 0.5713 |
1 | −0.4409 | −0.4215 | −0.1708 | −0.1611 | −0.0634 | −0.0446 | 0.2241 | 0.3131 | 0.292 | 0.3617 | 0.4353 | 0.4926 | 0.4804 | 0.6303 | 0.5835 | 0.6578 |
2 | −0.4284 | −0.3973 | −0.1539 | −0.1934 | −0.0462 | −0.0301 | 0.2513 | 0.3262 | 0.2576 | 0.3786 | 0.4643 | 0.5023 | 0.4616 | 0.6427 | 0.6275 | 0.6539 |
4 | −0.3781 | −0.4497 | −0.1607 | −0.101 | −0.0171 | −0.0221 | 0.1862 | 0.3163 | 0.289 | 0.3688 | 0.4478 | 0.5256 | 0.4279 | 0.631 | 0.5666 | 0.6658 |
8 | −0.3354 | −0.4229 | −0.1776 | −0.1331 | −0.1372 | 0.0073 | 0.0959 | 0.2382 | 0.2708 | 0.4027 | 0.4485 | 0.5267 | 0.4182 | 0.6486 | 0.498 | 0.652 |
12 | −0.298 | −0.3906 | −0.1655 | −0.1415 | −0.2494 | 0.0287 | 0.1347 | 0.2413 | 0.2454 | 0.3092 | 0.4919 | 0.5412 | 0.4072 | 0.6628 | 0.5642 | 0.6772 |
24 | −0.327 | −0.3423 | −0.1661 | −0.0173 | −0.2116 | 0.0392 | 0.0686 | 0.2127 | 0.1984 | 0.3617 | 0.4453 | 0.5215 | 0.4284 | 0.5727 | 0.5487 | 0.6004 |
36 | −0.2973 | −0.3214 | −0.1366 | −0.1177 | −0.165 | −0.0062 | 0.1128 | 0.275 | 0.3011 | 0.3071 | 0.4502 | 0.5623 | 0.3965 | 0.6036 | 0.6016 | 0.6781 |
48 | −0.2906 | −0.3249 | −0.1733 | −0.1034 | −0.1028 | −0.0073 | 0.1019 | 0.2694 | 0.2372 | 0.339 | 0.4595 | 0.5573 | 0.4167 | 0.5331 | 0.5474 | 0.6426 |
72 | −0.1911 | −0.3148 | −0.1338 | −0.063 | −0.0755 | 0.0238 | 0.1705 | 0.3263 | 0.2595 | 0.3456 | 0.4915 | 0.5723 | 0.4194 | 0.6047 | 0.6361 | 0.6265 |
t | CO2:O2 = 1:1 | CO2:O2 = 1:3 | CO2:O2 = 1:7 | CO2:O2 = 1:10 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 650 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | |
0 | −0.1974 | −0.2548 | −0.1751 | −0.2517 | −0.2069 | −0.2137 | −0.1705 | −0.1698 | −0.2518 | −0.242 | −0.2061 | −0.1924 | −0.2067 | −0.1907 | −0.3127 | −0.3307 |
1 | −0.2016 | −0.2595 | −0.1688 | −0.2489 | −0.2093 | −0.2042 | −0.1685 | −0.1703 | −0.2177 | −0.2467 | −0.2019 | −0.1876 | −0.2012 | −0.1806 | −0.3065 | −0.2838 |
2 | −0.2123 | −0.2536 | −0.1636 | −0.2987 | −0.1998 | −0.2132 | −0.1689 | −0.1687 | −0.2224 | −0.2381 | −0.1877 | −0.1732 | −0.2102 | −0.1776 | −0.2803 | −0.2978 |
4 | −0.1917 | −0.2537 | −0.1707 | −0.2302 | −0.1979 | −0.2102 | −0.1681 | −0.1691 | −0.2118 | −0.2453 | −0.2049 | −0.1793 | −0.1946 | −0.1758 | −0.3032 | −0.2688 |
8 | −0.1966 | −0.269 | −0.1712 | −0.28 | −0.1873 | −0.2133 | −0.1973 | −0.2196 | −0.2167 | −0.2205 | −0.2011 | −0.1782 | −0.1968 | −0.176 | −0.298 | −0.2833 |
12 | −0.2056 | −0.2686 | −0.1673 | −0.2748 | −0.1862 | −0.2077 | −0.1693 | −0.2321 | −0.2082 | −0.2451 | −0.1812 | −0.1626 | −0.208 | −0.1817 | −0.2852 | −0.2729 |
24 | −0.2087 | −0.2682 | −0.1561 | −0.1713 | −0.1936 | −0.1898 | −0.1836 | −0.2421 | −0.1985 | −0.2204 | −0.1752 | −0.1573 | −0.1513 | −0.1779 | −0.2955 | −0.2918 |
36 | −0.1995 | −0.2529 | −0.1526 | −0.2639 | −0.1644 | −0.1833 | −0.167 | −0.1724 | −0.2067 | −0.2256 | −0.1693 | −0.1523 | −0.1844 | −0.1687 | −0.2866 | −0.2769 |
48 | −0.1994 | −0.2508 | −0.1866 | −0.2749 | −0.1439 | −0.1669 | −0.1567 | −0.181 | −0.1868 | −0.2255 | −0.1609 | −0.1482 | −0.1637 | −0.1857 | −0.2908 | −0.2566 |
72 | −0.1601 | −0.26 | −0.1544 | −0.1965 | −0.1313 | −0.1579 | −0.1562 | −0.1611 | −0.1814 | −0.1974 | −0.1587 | −0.1452 | −0.1571 | −0.1687 | −0.2909 | −0.2465 |
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HCO3− | Cl− | SO42− | NO3− | Al3+ | Ca2+ | K+ | Na+ | Mg2+ | Fe2+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
274.06 | 2564.01 | 2527.55 | 26.85 | <0.05 | 606.26 | 22.95 | 1979.92 | 300.04 | <0.1 |
Subject | SiO2 | Al2O3 | K2O | CaO | Na2O | MgO | TiO2 | TFe2O3 | FeO | CO2 | LOI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R < 0.25 mm | 70.14 | 15.09 | 3.51 | 1.47 | 1.50 | 1.08 | 0.45 | 2.52 | 1.62 | 0.8 | 4.14 |
0.25~0.5 mm | 75.93 | 11.60 | 3.17 | 1.12 | 1.08 | 0.83 | 0.35 | 2.45 | 1.69 | 0.6 | 3.02 |
0.5~1 mm | 75.77 | 10.57 | 2.67 | 2.14 | 0.91 | 0.80 | 0.35 | 2.14 | 1.50 | 1.4 | 3.75 |
R > 1 mm | 71.86 | 10.88 | 2.71 | 4.03 | 1.01 | 0.82 | 0.35 | 2.56 | 1.75 | 2.9 | 5.07 |
Mixed sample | 73.29 | 11.75 | 2.96 | 2.25 | 1.07 | 0.89 | 0.38 | 2.65 | 1.92 | 1.5 | 4.05 |
Subject | <0.25 mm | 0.25~0.5 mm | 0.5~1 mm | >1 mm | Mixed Sample |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
U (μg/g) | 415 | 303 | 302 | 307 | 312 |
TFe2O3 (%) | 2.52 | 2.45 | 2.14 | 2.56 | 2.56 |
FeO (%) | 1.62 | 1.69 | 1.50 | 1.75 | 1.68 |
Sulfide S (%) | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.07 |
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Yuan, X.; Liu, J.; Xu, L.; Zhou, Y.; Zhao, K.; Hu, M. Study on the Leaching Conditions of the Shihongtan Uranium Deposit. Metals 2023, 13, 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071284
Yuan X, Liu J, Xu L, Zhou Y, Zhao K, Hu M. Study on the Leaching Conditions of the Shihongtan Uranium Deposit. Metals. 2023; 13(7):1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071284
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan, Xin, Jinhui Liu, Lingling Xu, Yipeng Zhou, Kai Zhao, and Mintao Hu. 2023. "Study on the Leaching Conditions of the Shihongtan Uranium Deposit" Metals 13, no. 7: 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071284
APA StyleYuan, X., Liu, J., Xu, L., Zhou, Y., Zhao, K., & Hu, M. (2023). Study on the Leaching Conditions of the Shihongtan Uranium Deposit. Metals, 13(7), 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071284