Electrohydraulic Crimping of Tubes within Rings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Equipments
2.1. Material
2.2. Pulsed Current Generator
2.3. Crimping System
2.4. Waves Generator
2.5. Acoustic and Mechanical Pulse Shapers
2.6. Crimping Probe
2.7. Means of Measurement
3. Methods
3.1. Experimental Set-Up for Measuring the Input/Output Law of the Waves Generator
3.2. Experimental Set-Up for Expansion Pressure Measurement
3.3. Experimental Set-Up for Strain Rate Measurements during a Free Expansion Test
3.4. Experimental Set-Up for Crimping Tests
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Input/Output Waves Generator Law
- the more the allowable inter-electrodes distance, the more the discharge energy;
- the more the inter-electrodes distance, the more the dispersion;
- for a given energy, the maximum intensity of the current decreases as the inter-electrodes distance increases.
4.2. Strain Rate Measurement
- only one pressure wave is present;
- the pressure signal is no longer pseudo-periodic, as it was the case when the crimping probe was equipped with a thick ring (Figure 12), but rather trapezoidal;
- this signal includes a phase of rise that seems to be almost linear but disturbed then a pseudo-plateau and finally a phase of linear decay.
4.3. Crimping Tests
- With APS, the measured maximum force is less than 1 kN and no trend can be observed regarding the launch gap.
- With the MPS, for pressures lower than those applied with APS, the maximum push-out force reach up to 7 kN. This seems to show that the intensity of the pressure wave is not enough to achieve a crimping, it is necessary that the load is applied for a sufficiently long time. The MPS, which exploits secondary waves rather than the primary shock wave, is therefore logically more efficient.
- With MPS we find that the lower the launch gap is, the better the crimping is.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
APS | Acoustic Pulse Shaper |
MPS | Mechanical Pulse Shaper |
Appendix A
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%C | %Mn | %P | %S | %Si | %Cr | %Ni | %Mo | %N | %O | %Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<0.03 | <2 | <0.01 | <0.005 | <1 | <16–19 | <10.5–13 | <1.5–3 | <0.003 | <0.002 | Compl |
(kJ) | (mm) | (kV/m) |
---|---|---|
2 | 2 | 1.57 × 10 |
6 | 3 | 1.81 × 10 |
8 | 4 | 1.57 × 10 |
10 | 4 | 1.75 × 10 |
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Le Mentec, R.; Sow, C.T.; Heuzé, T.; Rozycki, P.; Racineux, G. Electrohydraulic Crimping of Tubes within Rings. Metals 2023, 13, 1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13081382
Le Mentec R, Sow CT, Heuzé T, Rozycki P, Racineux G. Electrohydraulic Crimping of Tubes within Rings. Metals. 2023; 13(8):1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13081382
Chicago/Turabian StyleLe Mentec, Ronan, Cheick Tidiane Sow, Thomas Heuzé, Patrick Rozycki, and Guillaume Racineux. 2023. "Electrohydraulic Crimping of Tubes within Rings" Metals 13, no. 8: 1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13081382