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Open AccessArticle
Effect of Calefaction and Stress Relaxation on Grain Boundaries/Textures of Cu–Cr–Ni Alloy
by
Haitao Liu
Haitao Liu 1,2,*
,
Guojie Wang
Guojie Wang 1,
Kexing Song
Kexing Song 1,3,
Yunxiao Hua
Yunxiao Hua 1,
Yong Liu
Yong Liu
Prof. Dr. Yong Liu received his Bachelor’s degree from Tianjin University in 2003. Before he his a [...]
Prof. Dr. Yong Liu received his Bachelor’s degree from Tianjin University in 2003. Before he received his Ph.D. from Tianjin University in 2012, he was a joint Ph.D. student at Georgia Institute of Technology. He is currently an associate professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Henan University of Science and Technology. His research interests include electrochemical energy storage and conversion with batteries and nanostructured energy materials.
1
and
Tao Huang
Tao Huang
Prof. Dr. Tao Huang is an Associate Professor and the Vice Dean of the School of Materials Science a [...]
Prof. Dr. Tao Huang is an Associate Professor and the Vice Dean of the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China. He received his Ph.D. degree from Northwestern Polytechnical University. His main research focuses on the preparation, processing and precise plastic forming of high-performance metal materials, advanced forming technology of high-performance nonferrous metal materials for new infrastructure, and advanced plastic forming process theory, modeling simulation and optimization. In addition, he is a member of the China Nonferrous Metals Processing Industry Association and the China Mechanical Engineering Association.
1,2
1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
2
Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
3
Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Metals 2024, 14(7), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14070837 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 1 June 2024
/
Revised: 1 July 2024
/
Accepted: 15 July 2024
/
Published: 22 July 2024
Abstract
The Cu–Cr–Ni alloy is a key material for the manufacturing of connectors, which requires excellent resistance to stress relaxation. However, the inherent correlation among microstructure, texture, and properties is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of calefaction and stress relaxation on the grain boundaries (GBs), textures, and properties of the Cu–Cr–Ni alloy. The results showed that calefaction and stress relaxation had opposite effects on GBs and textures. Calefaction led to a decrease in the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), an increase in the Schmidt factor (SF) value of the grains, and a transition of texture from <111> to <113>. The grains with higher SF values were more susceptible to plastic deformation, which deteriorated the stress relaxation resistance. By comparison, stress relaxation led to an increase in the proportion of LAGBs, a decrease in SF values of the grains, and a transition of texture from <113> to <111> and <001>. After stress relaxation, the variation trends of the GBs and textures were consistent with those of other plastic deformations, indicating that stress relaxation can be verified by the variations in GBs and textures. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for improvements in stress relaxation resistance of the Cu-based alloys used in connector industry.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Liu, H.; Wang, G.; Song, K.; Hua, Y.; Liu, Y.; Huang, T.
Effect of Calefaction and Stress Relaxation on Grain Boundaries/Textures of Cu–Cr–Ni Alloy. Metals 2024, 14, 837.
https://doi.org/10.3390/met14070837
AMA Style
Liu H, Wang G, Song K, Hua Y, Liu Y, Huang T.
Effect of Calefaction and Stress Relaxation on Grain Boundaries/Textures of Cu–Cr–Ni Alloy. Metals. 2024; 14(7):837.
https://doi.org/10.3390/met14070837
Chicago/Turabian Style
Liu, Haitao, Guojie Wang, Kexing Song, Yunxiao Hua, Yong Liu, and Tao Huang.
2024. "Effect of Calefaction and Stress Relaxation on Grain Boundaries/Textures of Cu–Cr–Ni Alloy" Metals 14, no. 7: 837.
https://doi.org/10.3390/met14070837
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