Exploring Mechanical Properties Using the Hydraulic Bulge Test and Uniaxial Tensile Test with Micro-Samples for Metals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Hydraulic Bulge Test
2.3. Uniaxial Tensile Test
3. Results
3.1. Results of the HBT
3.2. Results of the UTT
3.3. Comparison of Mechanical Parameters between the HBT and UTT
3.4. Fracture Mechanisms of the HBT and UTT
4. Discussion
4.1. Correlation between the HBT and UTT
4.2. Calculation of Biaxial Stress
4.3. Calculation of Biaxial Strain
4.4. Relationship of the Stress–Strain Curves between the HBT and UTT
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Approach | Vertex Thickness |
---|---|
Hill [21] | |
Chakrabarty-Alexander [23] | |
Kruglov [24] |
Element | C | Si | S | P | Cr | Ni | Mn | Mo | Al | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
316L | 0.017 | 0.52 | 0.024 | 0.011 | 16.72 | 10.12 | 0.71 | 2.56 | - | Bal. |
16MnDR | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0.0012 | 0.013 | - | - | 1.47 | - | 0.045 | Bal. |
Q345R | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.007 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 1.27 | 0.005 | - | Bal. |
Material | /MPa | /MPa | /mm |
---|---|---|---|
316L-1 | 14.6 | 226.3 | 2.50 |
316L-2 | 15.1 | 228.6 | 2.37 |
316L-3 | 15.6 | 227.4 | 2.44 |
316L-Mean | 15.1 | 227.4 | 2.44 |
316L-Standard deviation | 0.50 | 1.15 | 0.06 |
16MnDR-1 | 16.3 | 165.5 | 1.81 |
16MnDR-2 | 15.3 | 163.3 | 1.79 |
16MnDR-3 | 16.7 | 162.4 | 1.80 |
16MnDR-Mean | 16.1 | 163.7 | 1.80 |
16MnDR-Standard deviation | 0.72 | 1.59 | 0.01 |
Q345R-1 | 19.3 | 179.1 | 1.88 |
Q345R-2 | 18.4 | 173.1 | 1.83 |
Q345R-3 | 18.7 | 176.1 | 1.90 |
Q345R-Mean | 18.8 | 176.1 | 1.87 |
Q345R-Standard deviation | 0.46 | 3.01 | 0.04 |
Material | Rp0.2/MPa | Rm/MPa |
---|---|---|
316L | 326.34 | 580.87 |
16MnDR | 355.92 | 511.34 |
Q345R | 360.52 | 537.28 |
Material | 316L | 16MnDR | Q345R |
---|---|---|---|
k | 0.9141 | 0.8157 | 0.8284 |
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Bao, J.; Ding, H.; Zuo, Z.; Peng, J. Exploring Mechanical Properties Using the Hydraulic Bulge Test and Uniaxial Tensile Test with Micro-Samples for Metals. Metals 2024, 14, 917. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080917
Bao J, Ding H, Zuo Z, Peng J. Exploring Mechanical Properties Using the Hydraulic Bulge Test and Uniaxial Tensile Test with Micro-Samples for Metals. Metals. 2024; 14(8):917. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080917
Chicago/Turabian StyleBao, Jian, Haoran Ding, Zhiquan Zuo, and Jian Peng. 2024. "Exploring Mechanical Properties Using the Hydraulic Bulge Test and Uniaxial Tensile Test with Micro-Samples for Metals" Metals 14, no. 8: 917. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080917