Influence of Processing Routes to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of Mg–6Zn–1Y–3.5CeMM (wt.%) Alloy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructural Characterization
3.2. Mechanical Characterization
3.2.1. Mechanical Behavior from Room Temperature up to 200 °C
3.2.2. Mechanical Behavior from 200 °C up to 350 °C
4. Conclusions
- The nature of the second phases does not change with the processing route. The use of the powder metallurgy route results in a refinement of the microstructure that is manifested by a reduced grain size (2.4 vs. 6.8 μm), smaller particle size (0.4 vs. 2.0 μm) and higher volume fraction of precipitates within the magnesium grains.
- The yield stress of the PME alloy at room temperature is almost 40% higher than that of the ACE alloy (307 and 224 MPa, respectively), mainly due to strengthening by grain refinement and particle strengthening caused by load transfer. Hardening due to the Orowan mechanism and solid solution are quite low in both alloys. Mechanical strength values up to 200 °C also remain higher for the PME alloy.
- At intermediate temperatures (200–350 °C) and low strain rates, deformation is controlled by grain boundary diffusion (GBS), improving the ductility of both alloys at the expense of sharp drops in the yield stress.
- -
- Further improving the mechanical properties of the PME alloy by reducing the extrusion temperature.
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- Evaluating tension/compression asymmetries in the PME alloy.
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- Carrying out a comparative life cycle assessment of the two processing routes.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alloy | Phase | Mg | Zn | Y | CeMM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
As-cast | matrix | 98.7 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Grey phase (W phase) | 45.0 | 36.5 | 17.0 | 1.5 | |
Bright phase (T phase) | 76.8 | 16.1 | 0.4 | 6.7 | |
RS powders | matrix | 96.7 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
Interdendritic region | 93.7 | 4.7 | 0.5 | 1.1 | |
ACE | matrix | 99.1 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Grey phase (W phase) | 57.5 | 28.2 | 11.9 | 2.4 | |
Bright phase (T phase) | 72.7 | 19.9 | 0.2 | 7.2 | |
PME | matrix | 97.5 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Grey phase (W phase) | 92.1 | 5.1 | 2.4 | 0.4 | |
Bright phase (T phase) | 87.9 | 9.1 | 0.5 | 2.5 |
Alloy | Phase | Mg | Zn | Y | CeMM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ACE | W phase | 88.9 | 8.5 | 2.3 | 0.3 |
T phase | 67.8 | 23.2 | 0.3 | 8.7 | |
PME | W phase | 90.4 | 8.1 | 1.2 | 0.3 |
T phase | 90.1 | 8.1 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
Temperature (°C) | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | ε (%) | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | ε (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ACE | PME | |||||
25 | 224 | 305 | 13 | 307 | 390 | 22 |
100 | 176 | 236 | 22 | 229 | 292 | 33 |
150 | 125 | 187 | 32 | 186 | 219 | 34 |
200 | 88 | 124 | 38 | 134 | 145 | 51 |
250 | 63 | 81 | 66 | 45 | 77 | 127 |
300 | 24 | 34 | 103 | 20 | 32 | 272 |
350 | 7 | 20 | 251 | 7 | 14 | 233 |
Alloy | Volume Fraction Second Phases (%) | Size Second Phases (μm) | Volume Fraction Precipitates (%) | Size Precipitates (nm) | Grain Size (μm) | I |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ACE | 14.00 | 2.0 | 0.20 | 36 | 6.8 | 3 |
PME | 13.84 | 0.4 | 0.38 | 122 | 2.4 | 5 |
Temperature (°C) | n | n | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
ACE | PME | |||
200 | 10−5–10−4 | 5 | 10−5–10−4 | 2 |
10−4–3 × 10−2 | 10 | 10−4–10−1 | 10 | |
250 | 10−5–10−4 | 3 | 10−5–10−4 | 2.5 |
10−4–10−1 | 8 | 10−4–10−1 | 7 | |
300 | 10−5–3 × 10−4 | 2 | 10−5–3 × 10−4 | 3 |
3 × 10−4–10−1 | 6 | 3 × 10−4–10−1 | 4 | |
350 | 10−5–10−3 | 2.5 | 10−5–10−3 | 4 |
10−3–10−1 | 4 | 10−3–10−1 | 3 |
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Medina, J.; Pérez, P.; Garces, G.; Adeva, P. Influence of Processing Routes to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of Mg–6Zn–1Y–3.5CeMM (wt.%) Alloy. Metals 2024, 14, 968. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090968
Medina J, Pérez P, Garces G, Adeva P. Influence of Processing Routes to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of Mg–6Zn–1Y–3.5CeMM (wt.%) Alloy. Metals. 2024; 14(9):968. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090968
Chicago/Turabian StyleMedina, Judit, Pablo Pérez, Gerardo Garces, and Paloma Adeva. 2024. "Influence of Processing Routes to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of Mg–6Zn–1Y–3.5CeMM (wt.%) Alloy" Metals 14, no. 9: 968. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14090968