Separation and Recycling for Rare Earth Elements by Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction (HoLLE) Using a pH-Responsive Fluorine-Based Surfactant
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Apparatuses
2.3. Experimental Procedure
2.3.1. Extraction Characteristics of Elements by HoLLE with Zonyl FSA®
2.3.2. The Recovery of Elements from the Zonyl FSA® Phase and the Redissolution of the Zonyl FSA® Phase
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Extraction of THF within the Phase Separation Phenomenon
3.2. Screening of Elements
3.3. Stripping of Rare Earth Elements
Metal | Sc | Y | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recovery % | 81 | 92 | 88 | 90 | 91 | 88 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 84 | 92 | 92 | 92 |
3.4. Reuse of Spent Zonyl FSA®
Metal | Sc | Y | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Extraction % | 97 | 94 | 97 | 49 | 100 | 85 | 96 | 97 | 94 | 88 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 |
2nd Extraction % | 80 | 100 | 93 | 53 | 100 | 84 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 94 | 100 | 100 | 94 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
3.5. Overview of Separation and Recycling System of Rare Earth Elements Using Zonyl FSA®
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Saito, S.; Ohno, O.; Igarashi, S.; Kato, T.; Yamaguchi, H. Separation and Recycling for Rare Earth Elements by Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction (HoLLE) Using a pH-Responsive Fluorine-Based Surfactant. Metals 2015, 5, 1543-1552. https://doi.org/10.3390/met5031543
Saito S, Ohno O, Igarashi S, Kato T, Yamaguchi H. Separation and Recycling for Rare Earth Elements by Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction (HoLLE) Using a pH-Responsive Fluorine-Based Surfactant. Metals. 2015; 5(3):1543-1552. https://doi.org/10.3390/met5031543
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaito, Shotaro, Osamu Ohno, Shukuro Igarashi, Takeshi Kato, and Hitoshi Yamaguchi. 2015. "Separation and Recycling for Rare Earth Elements by Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction (HoLLE) Using a pH-Responsive Fluorine-Based Surfactant" Metals 5, no. 3: 1543-1552. https://doi.org/10.3390/met5031543