Characterisation of Calcium- and Phosphorus-Enriched Porous Coatings on CP Titanium Grade 2 Fabricated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
3. Results
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The coating obtained in the electrolyte with 10 g/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate in it at 450 ± 46 V with a pulsation of 300 Hz is not porous, whereas the coatings formed in the solutions with 300 and 600 g/L Ca(NO3)2·4H2O are porous.
- (2)
- The Ca/P ratio of the coatings, obtained by using a commercial DC power supply without pulsation, at 450 V, in an electrolyte containing 500 g/L of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, is equal to 0.18 ± 0.01, which is slightly higher than that calculated for the coating formed at 450 ± 46 V with a pulsation of 300 Hz (0.15 ± 0.01).
- (3)
- In the PEO coatings, three different sub-layers may be distinguished, i.e., the first with open pores, the second that is semi-porous and enriched in calcium, and the third, a transition sub-layer.
- (4)
- The higher the amount of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate dissolved in an electrolyte, the thicker the second and third sub-layers become.
- (5)
- The top surface of the PEO coatings consists of titanium (Ti4+), calcium (Ca2+), as well as phosphorus and oxygen (PO43− and/or HPO42− and/or H2PO4−, and/or P2O74−).
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rokosz, K.; Hryniewicz, T.; Gaiaschi, S.; Chapon, P.; Raaen, S.; Pietrzak, K.; Malorny, W. Characterisation of Calcium- and Phosphorus-Enriched Porous Coatings on CP Titanium Grade 2 Fabricated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation. Metals 2017, 7, 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7090354
Rokosz K, Hryniewicz T, Gaiaschi S, Chapon P, Raaen S, Pietrzak K, Malorny W. Characterisation of Calcium- and Phosphorus-Enriched Porous Coatings on CP Titanium Grade 2 Fabricated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation. Metals. 2017; 7(9):354. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7090354
Chicago/Turabian StyleRokosz, Krzysztof, Tadeusz Hryniewicz, Sofia Gaiaschi, Patrick Chapon, Steinar Raaen, Kornel Pietrzak, and Winfried Malorny. 2017. "Characterisation of Calcium- and Phosphorus-Enriched Porous Coatings on CP Titanium Grade 2 Fabricated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation" Metals 7, no. 9: 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7090354
APA StyleRokosz, K., Hryniewicz, T., Gaiaschi, S., Chapon, P., Raaen, S., Pietrzak, K., & Malorny, W. (2017). Characterisation of Calcium- and Phosphorus-Enriched Porous Coatings on CP Titanium Grade 2 Fabricated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation. Metals, 7(9), 354. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7090354