Effects of Porosity on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistances of PM-Fabricated Porous Ti-10Mo Alloy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments and Methods
2.1. Materials and Sample Preparation by PM
2.2. Materials Characterization
2.3. Corrosion Testing
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Pore Characteristics
3.2. Microstructure Observation
3.3. Mechanical Properties
3.4. Electrochemical Behaviors
3.5. Relationship among Porosity, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Porous Ti-10Mo alloys can be fabricated by PM of adding NH4HCO3 with low-cost non-spherical elemental powders. With different contents added, the porosity can be controlled in the range of 50–67% with the average pores size of 70–381 μm.
- (2)
- The PM-fabricated porous Ti-10Mo alloy is characterized by typical Widmanstaten structure. With porosity increasing, their elastic modulus decreases exponentially in the range of 6.4–1.7 GPa, while yield compression strength decreases linearly in 248.2–76.9 MPa, respectively.
- (3)
- With rising of porosity, the corrosion potential of porous Ti-10Mo alloy in PBS shift to negative direction, while corrosion current density increases significantly. The corrosion rate of the Ti-10Mo increases exponentially with porosity increasing, and is much lower than that of CP Ti with similar porosity.
- (4)
- The association among porosity characteristics, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Ti-10Mo by PM is formed, which can be used as a design reference for material selection for orthopedic applications.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Powder | Chemical Composition (wt. %) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H | C | N | O | Si | Cl | Fe | Ni | Ti | Mo | |
Ti | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0 | Bal. | 0 |
Mo | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0 | Bal. |
Alloys | Space-Holder Content (vol. %) | Total Porosity (Pt, %) | Connected Porosity (Pc, %) | d50 (μm) | d10/d90 (μm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ti-10Mo | 63 | 50.8 ± 1.1 | 46.1 ± 1.0 | 70.1 ± 1.6 | 14.2 ± 0.3/132.5 ± 2.3 |
67 | 54.7 ± 1.2 | 50.5 ± 1.2 | 140.9 ± 2.9 | 87.1 ± 1.9/199.2 ± 4.3 | |
71 | 58.8 ± 1.4 | 54.3 ± 1.4 | 241.3 ± 5.7 | 190.1 ± 3.7/296.5 ± 6.6 | |
75 | 63.4 ± 1.5 | 59.1 ± 1.4 | 321.6 ± 7.8 | 271.3 ± 5.4/374.5 ± 10.2 | |
79 | 66.9 ± 1.6 | 62.8 ± 1.7 | 381.4 ± 10.1 | 335.4 ± 7.8/438.7 ± 11.2 |
Alloys | Porosity (%) | Ecorr (mV vs. SCE) | Icorr × 10−8 (A/cm2) | βc (mV Decade−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ti-10Mo | Inherent 2.8 ± 0.2 | −131.1 ± 7.4 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | −205.1 ± 4.2 |
50.8 ± 1.1 | −119.1 ± 9.5 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | −121.4 ± 3.6 | |
54.7 ± 1.2 | −121.5 ± 8.7 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | −105.6 ± 1.4 | |
58.8 ± 1.4 | −155.1 ± 3.3 | 7.1 ± 0.5 | −102.4 ± 2.6 | |
63.4 ± 1.5 | −188.1 ± 3.8 | 9.8 ± 0.4 | −128.3 ± 2.9 | |
66.9 ± 1.6 | −210.1 ± 9.8 | 14.1 ± 0.4 | −148.6 ± 2.1 | |
CP Ti | 50.5 ± 1.2 | −125.1 ± 5.1 | 8.9 ± 0.7 | −131.3 ± 1.2 |
Alloys | Pore Characteristics | Mechanical Properties | Corrosion Properties | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Porosity (%) | Average Pore Size (d50, μm) | Compression Yield Strength (MPa) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Corrosion Rate (g/m2·day) | |
Ti-10Mo | Inherent 2.8 ± 0.2 | - | 908.1 ± 20.6 | 66.2 ± 3.2 | 1.6 ± 0.1 |
50.8 ± 1.1 | 70.1 ± 1.6 | 248.2 ± 15.9 | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | |
54.7 ± 1.2 | 140.9 ± 2.9 | 194.7 ± 15.1 | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | |
58.8 ± 1.4 | 241.3 ± 5.7 | 166.2 ± 13.5 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 8.1 ± 0.3 | |
63.4 ± 1.5 | 321.6 ± 7.8 | 127.5 ± 12.7 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 11.2 ± 0.5 | |
66.9 ± 1.6 | 381.4 ± 10.1 | 76.9 ± 11.9 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 17.1 ± 0.9 | |
CP Ti | 50.5 ± 1.0 | 68.8 ± 2.1 | 201.9 ± 14.8 | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 10.1 ± 1.8 |
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Xu, W.; Lu, X.; Zhang, B.; Liu, C.; Lv, S.; Yang, S.; Qu, X. Effects of Porosity on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistances of PM-Fabricated Porous Ti-10Mo Alloy. Metals 2018, 8, 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8030188
Xu W, Lu X, Zhang B, Liu C, Lv S, Yang S, Qu X. Effects of Porosity on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistances of PM-Fabricated Porous Ti-10Mo Alloy. Metals. 2018; 8(3):188. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8030188
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Wei, Xin Lu, Bing Zhang, Chengcheng Liu, Shaomin Lv, Shidi Yang, and Xuanhui Qu. 2018. "Effects of Porosity on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistances of PM-Fabricated Porous Ti-10Mo Alloy" Metals 8, no. 3: 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8030188