A Four-Roll Squeeze Pointing Machine for a Shape-Drawing Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments and Finite Element (FE) Simulations
2.1. Four-Roll Squeeze Pointing Machine (RSPM)
2.2. Tool Design for the RSPM
2.3. Conditions of FE Simulation
3. Experimental Results
3.1. Pointing Process and Drawing Process
3.2. Hardness Measurements
3.3. Microstructure of the Pointed Zone by the RSPM
4. Discussion
4.1. Feasible Pointing Size for a Bar Pointing Turning Machine
4.2. Comparison between Bar Pointing Turning Machine and RSPM
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Under the same drawing condition, the material pointed by the RSPM was not broken, whereas that pointed by the bar pointing turning machine was. The experimental results of the pointing and drawing processes showed that the pointing process using the RSPM is useful to prevent the breaking of drawing material in the shape-drawing process.
- (2)
- The hardness of the drawing material from the RSPM and drawn material was similarly above approximately 350 Hv. The surface hardness of the drawing material from the RSPM is slightly lower than that of the drawn specimen. The hardness measurement results for each drawing material indicate that the RSPM can affect the extent of work-hardening as much as the shape-drawing process.
- (3)
- FE simulations for the shape-drawing process of drawing materials pointed by a bar pointing turning machine were conducted. For the circular shape pointed by the conventional turning machine, the fracture behavior of the drawing material according to the initial billet size and the relationship with the half die angle and the pointing angle was analyzed. As the reduction in area increases, the damage value increases to the critical damage value rapidly. The effect of the reduction in area was dominant.
- (4)
- For FE simulation of the pointing process and the shape-drawing process of drawing material pointed by RSPM, the damage value of the drawing material did not exceed the critical damage value despite the same drawing conditions.
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Values |
---|---|
Yield strength (MPa) | 311.55 |
Ultimate strength (MPa) | 628.16 |
Strain hardening coefficient, n | 0.4491 |
Strength coefficient, K (MPa) | 1308.58 |
Input Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Material | STS304L |
Initial billet diameter (mm) | 22~26 |
Critical damage value | 0.803 |
Die exit (mm2) | 20 × 20 (R1) |
Half die angle (α1, °) | 10~20 |
Pointing zone diameter (mm) | 18 |
Pointing angle (α2, °) | 0.5 α1~1.0 α1 |
Friction coefficient (μ) | 0.057 |
Drawing velocity (mm/s2) | 3 |
Factors | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Initial billet diameter (2R0) | 22 | 24 | 26 |
Half die angle (α1) | 10 | 15 | 20 |
Pointing angle (α2) | 0.5 α1 | 0.75 α1 | 1.0 α1 |
Input Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Material | STS304L |
Initial billet diameter (mm) | 26 |
Critical damage value | 0.803 |
Pointing zone (mm2) | 19.5 × 19.5 |
Pointing angle (°) | 15 |
Friction coefficient (μ) | 0.12 |
Tool rotating speed (RPM) | 0.76 |
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Kim, J.H.; Kim, B.M. A Four-Roll Squeeze Pointing Machine for a Shape-Drawing Process. Metals 2018, 8, 427. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8060427
Kim JH, Kim BM. A Four-Roll Squeeze Pointing Machine for a Shape-Drawing Process. Metals. 2018; 8(6):427. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8060427
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jeong Hun, and Byung Min Kim. 2018. "A Four-Roll Squeeze Pointing Machine for a Shape-Drawing Process" Metals 8, no. 6: 427. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8060427