Phase and Morphology Transformations in Sulfur-Fixing and Reduction Roasting of Antimony Sulfide
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials and Instruments
2.2. Methods
2.3. Thermodynamic Calculations
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Temperature on Roasting Results
3.2. Effect of C Particle Size on Roasting Results
3.3. Effect of ZnO Content on Roasting Results
3.4. Effect of Time on Roasting Results
3.5. Effect of Cooling Mode on Roasting Results
3.6. Energy Consumption Comparision
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reductions | No. |
---|---|
Sb2S3 + 3ZnO + 1.5C = 2Sb + 3ZnS + 1.5CO2(g) | (2) |
Sb2S3 + 3ZnO + 3C = 2Sb + 3ZnS + 3CO(g) | (3) |
Sb2S3 + 3ZnO = Sb2O3 + 3ZnS | (4) |
Sb2O3 + 1.5C = 2Sb + 1.5CO2(g) | (5) |
Sb2O3 + 3C = 2Sb + 3CO(g) | (6) |
Sb2S3 + 2Sb2O3 = 6Sb + 3SO2(g) | (7) |
ZnO + CO(g) = Zn + CO2(g) | (8) |
ZnO + C = Zn + CO(g) | (9) |
C + CO2(g) = 2CO(g) | (10) |
Points | Sb | Zn | S | O |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 96.00 | - | - | 4.00 |
2 | 20.22 | 49.16 | 28.03 | 2.60 |
3 | 90.13 | 4.08 | 1.64 | 4.15 |
4 | 41.18 | 36.67 | 19.55 | 2.6 |
5 | 100 | - | - | - |
6 | 1.06 | 69.44 | 30.50 | - |
The Conventional Pyrometallurgy Process | Metallurgy and Beneficiation Combined Process | ||
---|---|---|---|
Unit operation | Energy cost GJ·t−1 | Unit operation | Energy cost GJ·t−1 |
Oxidising-roasting | 3.05 × 1010 | Roasting | 3.28 × 1010 |
Reduction-smelting | 1.45 × 1010 | Gravity separation | 4.69 × 108 |
Flotation separation | 5.50 × 108 | ||
Total costing = | 4.5 × 1010 | Total costing = | 3.38 × 1010 |
CO2 emission | 4.62 t | CO2 emission | 3.29 t |
SO2 generation | 0.81 t | SO2 generation | 0.04 t |
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Ouyang, Z.; Ye, L.; Tang, C.; Chen, Y. Phase and Morphology Transformations in Sulfur-Fixing and Reduction Roasting of Antimony Sulfide. Metals 2019, 9, 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010079
Ouyang Z, Ye L, Tang C, Chen Y. Phase and Morphology Transformations in Sulfur-Fixing and Reduction Roasting of Antimony Sulfide. Metals. 2019; 9(1):79. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010079
Chicago/Turabian StyleOuyang, Zhen, Longgang Ye, Chaobo Tang, and Yifeng Chen. 2019. "Phase and Morphology Transformations in Sulfur-Fixing and Reduction Roasting of Antimony Sulfide" Metals 9, no. 1: 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010079