Comparative Study Involving Effect of Curing Regime on Elastic Modulus of Geopolymer Concrete
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Research Contribution
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Fly-Ash and Bottom-Ash
2.2. Alkaline Liquid and Aggregates
2.3. Mix Proportion
3. Method of Casting, Curing and Testing
3.1. Specimen Preparation
3.2. Curing of Samples
3.3. Test Methods
3.3.1. Compressive Strength
3.3.2. Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity
3.3.3. Modulus of Elasticity Predictive Models
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Workability and Density
4.2. Effect of Heat Treatment on Compressive Strength of GPC Samples
4.3. Longitudinal Resonant Frequency
4.4. Comparison between Predicted and Experimental Modulus of Elasticity
5. Conclusions
- Compressive strength increased approximately 3.5 times when steam-cured temperature increased from ambient to 80 °C. Compressive strength increased approximately 2.3 times when specimens were dry-cured at the same temperature range. Hence, steam curing is preferable to dry curing if rapid strength development is required.
- The measured values of the resonant frequency of K-based GPC (~7200–9000 Hz) with a compressive strength of 35 MPa was lower than that of cement-based concrete (~8000–9100 Hz) of 35 MPa due to the elevated temperature condition and internal moisture loss.
- The dynamic modulus of elasticity of bottom-ash based GPC was about 20–24 GPa at an age of 7 days and 28 days. Contrary to this, PCC showed a higher value of elastic modulus that ranged from 27 to 33 GPa.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical Compounds | Fly-Ash (%) | Bottom-Ash (%) |
---|---|---|
SiO2 | 47.1 | 60.11 |
Al2O3 | 17.4 | 14.35 |
Fe2O3 | 5.7 | 5.92 |
CaO | 14 | 10.40 |
MgO | 5.4 | 4.49 |
SO3 | 0.8 | 0.10 |
LOI | 0.19 | 0.00 |
Na2O | N/A | 2.232 |
K2O | N/A | 1.766 |
TiO2 | N/A | 0.892 |
P2O5 | N/A | 0.200 |
Mn2O3 | N/A | 0.093 |
Fly-Ash | ASTM C618 [39] | |
---|---|---|
Fineness retained on 45 μm (No. 325 sieve) | 17.3% | <34% (complies) |
Strength activity index with Portland cement% of control at 28 days | 99% | >75% (complies) |
Water requirement, percent of control | 100% | <105% (complies) |
Autoclave expansion | 0.04% | <0.8% (complies) |
Density | 2.65 Mg/m3 | <5% (complies) |
Material | Appearance | Odor | pH | Boiling Point | Specific Gravity | Solubility |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fly-ash | Gray/Black or Brown/Tan (Powder) | odorless | 4–12 | >1000 °C | 2.0–2.9 (water = 1) | Water: <5% (slightly) |
Bottom-ash | Gray/Black or Brown/Tan (Powder) | odorless | 4–12 | >1000 °C | 2.0–2.9 (water = 1) | Water: <5% (slightly) |
GPC | PCC | |
---|---|---|
Material | Content (kg/m3) | Content (kg/m3) |
Fly-ash | 194 | _ |
Bottom-ash | 194 | _ |
Coarse aggregates | 1170 | 1120 |
Sand | 630 | 820 |
KOH (12 M) | 85.16 | _ |
K2SiO3 | 125.74 | _ |
Cement (PC) | _ | 340 |
Water | 38.71 | 181 |
Type | PCB-ICP |
Model | 352C33 |
Height | 15.7 mm |
Weight | 5.8 g |
Sensitivity | 10.2 mV (m/s2) |
Frequency Range | 0.3–15,000 Hz |
Non-Linearity | <1% |
Transverse Sensitivity | <5% |
Temperature Range | −54 to 93 °C |
Equation | Establisher |
---|---|
Ec = 2707 + 5300 | Hardjito et al. |
Ec = 3320 + 6900 | ACI 363 (Hardjito and Rangan) |
Ec = 3421 | Tempest et al. |
Prachasaree et al. | |
E = 2900fc3/5 | Thomas and Peethamparan |
E = 4400 | Thomas and Peethamparan |
Ec = fc1.6412 49.968 | Wardhonoet al. |
Ec = ρ1.5 0.024 | Gunasekara et al. |
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Azarsa, P.; Gupta, R. Comparative Study Involving Effect of Curing Regime on Elastic Modulus of Geopolymer Concrete. Buildings 2020, 10, 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10060101
Azarsa P, Gupta R. Comparative Study Involving Effect of Curing Regime on Elastic Modulus of Geopolymer Concrete. Buildings. 2020; 10(6):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10060101
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzarsa, Peiman, and Rishi Gupta. 2020. "Comparative Study Involving Effect of Curing Regime on Elastic Modulus of Geopolymer Concrete" Buildings 10, no. 6: 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10060101