The Impact of Imperfect Maintenance Scheduling on the Physical Degradation of Painted Renderings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Assessment of the Degradation Condition of Painted Rendered Façades
3. Maintenance and Refurbishment Services Carried Out on Painted Renderings
3.1. Simple Linear Regression
3.2. Graphic Method for Each Case Study
4. Discussion
- Different services led to distinct decreases in the physical degradation of the façades;
- Cleaning operations reduced, on average, 13% (12.2% for renderings and 13.2% for painted surfaces) of the overall severity of degradation;
- Ferreira et al. [62] corroborate these results, suggesting that the adoption of minor interventions or cleaning operations can increase operating costs, but, on the other hand, when carried out with an adequate frequency, can allow the performance of components to be maintained at high standards during most or part of their service life, thus, promoting its durability;
- Partial repair of renderings reduced, on average, 71.1% of the façade’s overall severity of degradation;
- According to Table 1, Table 4 and Table 5, and other findings, there was a lack of technical basis in decision making. This probably stemmed from the lack of: (i) interaction between the design, the execution and the maintenance phases and (ii) the lack of periodic inspections and/or technically inefficient guidance/reporting;
- According to Table 5, among the 79 renderings inspected:
- ○
- In 49 cases or in 62% of the sample, rehabilitation was carried out before the end of their service life;
- ○
- In 15 cases or in 19% of the sample, rehabilitation was carried out after the end of their service life, with an average delay of 5 years;
- ○
- In only 15 cases (19% of the sample), interventions were carried out at the appropriate time in relation to the end of the element’s service life.
- According to Table 5, of the 86 painted surfaces inspected:
- ○
- In 23 cases or in 27% of the sample, rehabilitation was carried out before the end of their service life, with an average remaining period at the time of the intervention of 5 years (for the most favorable combination of coatings’ characteristics);
- ○
- In 30 cases or in 35% of the sample, rehabilitation was carried out after the end of their service life, with an average delay of 6 years;
- ○
- In 33 cases, or in 38% of the sample, interventions were carried out at the appropriate time in relation to the end of the element’s service life.
- Ferreira et al. [8] corroborate these results by suggesting that maintenance actions are carried out before the appropriate time, which leads to unnecessary costs or postpones the intervention to moments of urgency, when users’ safety may already be compromised. Cardinal et al. [64] also suggested that the inspections tended to result in reactive maintenance, and in this sense, the inspections should be performed more frequently, according to a planned maintenance strategy, to optimize the moments for interventions in a cost-effective way;
- The record of interventions carried out during the life cycle of the sample analyzed did not meet the technical guidelines of the ABNT [5,28,65]. In this sense, Kanniyapan et al. [39], Silva, Brito and Gaspar [12], Silva, Ranasinghe and Silva [40], Souza [41], Wu et al. [42] and Zanoni [43] cautioned that academic researchers and industry professionals face difficulties in obtaining data on anomalies resulting from a lack of maintenance.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Construction | Years Since the Last Maintenance/Refurbishment | Years Since the Start of Operation | Reason for the Intervention |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 6.85 | 6.85 | Aesthetics and cracks |
2 | 3.19 | 3.19 | To comply with the use, operation and maintenance manual regarding washing |
3 | 20.75 | 20.75 | Aesthetics, cracking and infiltrations |
4 | 20.01 | 40.03 | Aesthetics |
5 | 11.89 | 42.91 | Detachment. End of life cycle |
6 | 11.59 | 42.61 | Aesthetics |
7 | 15.01 | 40.03 | Aesthetics |
8 | 1.10 | 1.10 | Generalized paint cracking (outlier: construction fault) |
9 | 7.69 | 7.69 | Cracks in the texture and on the south side there were infiltrations |
10 | 9.01 | 59.04 | Aesthetics and cracks |
11 | 7.34 | 37.36 | Infiltrations |
12 | 17.12 | 17.12 | Aesthetics |
13 | 16.62 | 16.62 | Aesthetics, cracks and infiltrations |
14 | 15.67 | 20.67 | Aesthetics |
15 | 20.01 | 50.03 | Aesthetics, cracks and infiltrations |
16 | 4.96 | 4.96 | Partial heterogeneity of the original painting |
17 | 5.04 | 5.04 | Detachment (outlier: construction fault) |
18 | 6.88 | 6.88 | Aesthetics, but the condominium withdrew from the intervention due to the costs |
Renderings | Painted Surfaces | ||
---|---|---|---|
Degradation ΔSw | Standard deviation | 1.69% | 1.92% |
Average | 1.52% | 2.83% | |
Maximum observed | 7.95% | 8.75% | |
Minimum observed | 0.16% | 0.00% | |
Case studies | - | 79 | 86 |
Cases between the average and the standard deviation | - | 68 (86.07%) | 64 (74.42%) |
Cases with a reduction superior to the average ΔSw | Framing | 22 (27.84%) | 29 (33.72%) |
Close to avenues with a high volume of traffic | 10 (45.45%) | 18 (62.06%) | |
South orientation | 8 (36.36%) | 12 (41.37%) | |
Considerable period without maintenance/refurbishment | 8 (36.36%) | 22 (75.86%) | |
Considerable period since the entry into service | 18 (81.81%) | 24 (82.75%) |
Renderings | ||
---|---|---|
Degradation ΔSw | Standard deviation | 6.12% |
Average | 5.24% | |
Maximum observed | 28.50% | |
Minimum observed | 0% | |
Case studies | 79 | |
Cases between the average and the standard deviation | 73 (92.4%) | |
Cases with the reduction superior to average ΔSw | Framing | 31 (39.24%) |
Close to avenues with a high volume of traffic | 16 (51.61%) | |
South orientation | 11 (35.48%) | |
Considerable period without maintenance/refurbishment | 21 (67.74%) | |
Considerable period since the entry into service | 11 (35.48%) |
- | Renderings | Painted Surfaces | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | Average Remaining Service Life at the Time of the Intervention | Average Delay Period in Relation to the Appropriate Time for Intervention | - | Average Remaining Service Life at the Time of the Intervention | Average Delay Period in Relation to the Appropriate Time for Intervention | ||
Intervals observed by: | Maximum (years) | 46 | 41 | 9 | 21 | 11 | 13 |
Average (years) | 18 | 14 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 4 | |
Minimum (years) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Estimated service life intervals considering the standard deviation | Maximum (years) | 28 | 24 | 7 | 14 | 7 | 8 |
Average (years) | 18 | 14 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 4 | |
Minimum (years) | 8 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
Std. deviation (years) | 10 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
- | Renderings | Painted Surfaces | |
---|---|---|---|
Case studies | 79 | 86 | |
Timely intervention | 15 (18.98%) | 33 (38.37%) | |
Untimely intervention | Before the end of service life | 49 (62.02%) | 23 (26.74%) |
After the end of service life | 15 (18.98%) | 30 (34.88%) |
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Petersen, A.; Silva, A.; González, M. The Impact of Imperfect Maintenance Scheduling on the Physical Degradation of Painted Renderings. Buildings 2022, 12, 1644. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101644
Petersen A, Silva A, González M. The Impact of Imperfect Maintenance Scheduling on the Physical Degradation of Painted Renderings. Buildings. 2022; 12(10):1644. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101644
Chicago/Turabian StylePetersen, André, Ana Silva, and Marco González. 2022. "The Impact of Imperfect Maintenance Scheduling on the Physical Degradation of Painted Renderings" Buildings 12, no. 10: 1644. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101644