Estimation of Floor Response Spectra for Self-Centering Structural Systems with Flag-Shaped Hysteretic Behavior
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Self-Centering (SC) SDOF System with Flag-Shaped Hysteretic Behavior, Ground Motion Records, and Numerical Modeling
3. Floor Response Spectra and Dynamic Amplification Factor from Nonlinear Response History Analysis (NLRHA)
3.1. Floor Response Spectra
- (a)
- The NLRHA of the prescribed self-centering (SC) SDOF system with flag-shaped hysteretic behavior (primary structure), for the set of ground motion records and determination of the total floor acceleration response history for each ground motion record. Here, the total floor acceleration response history is the sum of the floor acceleration response history relative to the ground and the ground acceleration response history.
- (b)
- Linear RHA of the elastic SDOF system (secondary structure), using the set of total floor acceleration response histories determined from step (a), to generate floor response spectra.
- (c)
- Calculation of the mean floor response spectrum.
3.2. Maximum Dynamic Amplification Factor
3.3. Post-Resonance Dynamic Amplification Factor
4. Equation to Estimate Floor Response Spectra and Verification
4.1. Equation to Estimate FRS
4.2. Verification of Proposed Equation to Estimate FRS
4.3. Comparison of the Proposed FRS with Existing Direct Methods
5. Conclusions
- The effect of the primary structure initial vibration period , response reduction factor , and energy dissipation parameter on the FRS is studied. A single peak was observed on the mean normalized FRS for , but for , the maximum value of the mean normalized FRS is nearly constant over a wide period range and forms a spectral plateau. The width of the spectral plateau increases with increase in and decrease in , which is due to the higher ductility demand on the primary structure. In addition, the peak value of mean normalized FRS increases when changes from 1 to 2 and then decreases for . The reduction in the mean normalized FRS was observed with increase in . With increase in , the maximum dynamic amplification factor , increases for , and remains nearly constant for and .
- An empirical equation for which can be used to estimate the acceleration demand in the resonance region is developed. This equation showed good accuracy when compared with NLRHA results. In addition for the post-resonance region, an equation to estimate the dynamic amplification factor is also obtained.
- An equation to estimate the FRS for SC systems with flag-shaped hysteretic behavior is proposed using the and the . The equation to estimate FRS is then validated using a different set of far-fault ground motions. It was observed that the equation to estimate FRS for SC systems with flag-shaped hysteretic behavior showed good accuracy when compared with the NLRHA results.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Comparison of the Normalized Floor Response Spectra
Appendix B. Existing Direct Methods to Estimate the FRS
- (a)
- In the pre- and post-resonance region,
- (b)
- In the resonance region,
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PGA Component 1 |
PGA Component 2 | (m/s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Northridge | 1994 | Beverly Hills - Mulhol | Thrust | 6.7 | 17.2 | 0.42 | 0.52 | 356 |
2 | Northridge | 1994 | Canyon Country-WLC | Thrust | 6.7 | 12.4 | 0.41 | 0.48 | 309 |
3 | Duzce, Turkey | 1999 | Bolu | Strike-slip | 7.1 | 12.0 | 0.73 | 0.82 | 326 |
4 | Hector Mine | 1999 | Hector | Strike-slip | 7.1 | 11.7 | 0.27 | 0.34 | 685 |
5 | Imperial Valley | 1979 | Delta | Strike-slip | 6.5 | 22.0 | 0.24 | 0.35 | 275 |
6 | Imperial Valley | 1979 | El Centro Array #11 | Strike-slip | 6.5 | 12.5 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 196 |
7 | Kobe, Japan | 1995 | Nishi-Akashi | Strike-slip | 6.9 | 7.1 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 609 |
8 | Kobe, Japan | 1995 | Shin-Osaka | Strike-slip | 6.9 | 19.2 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 256 |
9 | Kocaeli, Turkey | 1999 | Duzce | Strike-slip | 7.5 | 15.4 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 276 |
10 | Kocaeli, Turkey | 1999 | Arcelik | Strike-slip | 7.5 | 13.5 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 523 |
11 | Landers | 1992 | Yermo Fire Station | Strike-slip | 7.3 | 23.6 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 354 |
Coefficients | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−0.020 | −0.001 | −0.013 | −0.021 | −0.017 | −0.019 | −0.018 | |
−1.304 | −2.358 | −1.574 | −1.400 | −1.382 | −1.258 | −1.178 | |
1.259 | 1.330 | 1.350 | 1.260 | 1.175 | 1.108 | 1.043 |
EQ No. | Event | Year | Station | Fault Type | PGA Component 1 | PGA Compontent 2 | (m/s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Landers | 1992 | Coolwater | Strike-slitd | 7.3 | 19.7 | 0.28 | 0.42 | 271 |
2 | Loma tdrieta | 1989 | Capitola | Strike-slip | 6.9 | 15.2 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 289 |
3 | Loma Prieta | 1989 | Gilroy Array #3 | Strike-slip | 6.9 | 12.8 | 0.56 | 0.37 | 350 |
4 | Manjil, Iran | 1990 | Abbar | Strike-slip | 7.4 | 12.6 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 724 |
5 | Superstition Hills | 1987 | El Centro Imp. Co. | Strike-slip | 6.5 | 18.2 | 0.36 | 0.26 | 192 |
6 | Superstition Hills | 1987 | Poe Road (temp) | Strike-slip | 6.5 | 11.2 | 0.45 | 0.30 | 208 |
7 | Catde Mendocino | 1992 | Rio Dell Overpass | Thrust | 7.0 | 14.3 | 0.39 | 0.55 | 312 |
8 | Chi-Chi, Taiwan | 1999 | CHY101 | Thrust | 7.6 | 10.0 | 0.35 | 0.44 | 259 |
9 | Chi-Chi, Taiwan | 1999 | TCU045 | Thrust | 7.6 | 26.0 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 705 |
10 | San Fernando | 1971 | LA - Hollywood Stor | Thrust | 6.6 | 22.8 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 316 |
11 | Friuli, Italy | 1976 | Tolmezzo | Thrust | 6.5 | 15.8 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 425 |
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Shrestha, B.K.; Wijeyewickrema, A.C.; Miyashita, H.; Malla, N. Estimation of Floor Response Spectra for Self-Centering Structural Systems with Flag-Shaped Hysteretic Behavior. Buildings 2022, 12, 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020167
Shrestha BK, Wijeyewickrema AC, Miyashita H, Malla N. Estimation of Floor Response Spectra for Self-Centering Structural Systems with Flag-Shaped Hysteretic Behavior. Buildings. 2022; 12(2):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020167
Chicago/Turabian StyleShrestha, Binod Kumar, Anil C. Wijeyewickrema, Hiroki Miyashita, and Niraj Malla. 2022. "Estimation of Floor Response Spectra for Self-Centering Structural Systems with Flag-Shaped Hysteretic Behavior" Buildings 12, no. 2: 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020167