Violin Ceramic Joist Slabs: Evaluation and Proposal for Intervention with Duplex-Type Stainless Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Inspection Method and Data Collection
2.2. Criteria Used in the Intervention
- A greater load capacity;
- Better fire resistance;
- Minimum risks during the reparation work;
- The least possible effect on neighbouring elements;
- Better durability in aggressive environments (better resistance to corrosion in the presence of chlorides) [28];
- Reduced environmental impact of the repair (minimum residues due to excessive demolition) [7];
- Reduced consumption of concrete and maximum use of existing ceramic joists [7];
- Avoid reducing floor-to-ceiling height;
- Minimum economic impact since the building was not occupied by owners with unlimited resources.
2.3. Verification Tests
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Repair System
- Working hypothesis;
- Data of the building’s general structure;
- Evaluation of required loads;
- Verification of accidental fire situations.
3.1.1. Working Hypothesis
3.1.2. Data of the General Building Structure
3.1.3. Evaluation of the Necessary Loads
3.1.4. Verification of the Situation in Accidental Fires
- ψ1 (frequent value) of excess action during 1% of the reference time;
- ψ2 (quasi-permanent) value of excess action during 50% of reference time.
- The minimum thickness of the slab must be greater than 120 mm, since it is a plate that, after repair, maintains a total depth of 210 mm, this parameter is met;
- Minimum distance of the outer surface of positive bending reinforcement must be 35 mm according to Table A.6.5.6 of Annex 6 of the Spanish Standard EHE-08 [25]. In this case the result was lower (25 mm) than the recommended value, but we must remember that they refer to conventional carbon steel. For stainless steel, the melting point in fires is much higher than normal: after 120 min of exposure the load capacity for stainless steel reinforcements is approximately double that of carbon steel (see Figure 14). In this case, we can consider the established coating to be satisfactory from the point of view of fire resistance, and to which it would make sense to incorporate the additional protection provided by the exterior sheet metal box.
3.2. Experimental Test of Mechanical Properties
3.2.1. Prosthesis Test
3.2.2. Test of Complete System
3.2.3. Verification of Structural Analysis Model Tolerances
3.3. Protection against Corrosion and Maintenance Costs
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Designation | C | Cr | Ni | Mo | N | Si | Mn | S | P | PREN Index * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AISI 316 L | ≤0.03 | 16.00–18.00 | 10.00–12.00 | 2.00–2.50 | ≤0.75 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.04 | 24.1 | |
Duplex 2304 | ≤0.03 | 22.00–24.00 | 3.50–5.50 | 0.10–0.60 | 0.05–0.20 | ≤1.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.035 | 25.6 |
Designation | Yield Strength Rp0.2 (N/mm2) | Tensile Strength Rm (N/mm2) | Elongation A5 (%) |
---|---|---|---|
AISI 316 L | >240 | 540–620 | >45 |
Duplex 2304 | ≥450 | 650–850 | ≥25 |
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Salmerón, A.; Climent, M.-Á.; Ivorra, S. Violin Ceramic Joist Slabs: Evaluation and Proposal for Intervention with Duplex-Type Stainless Steel. Buildings 2022, 12, 942. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070942
Salmerón A, Climent M-Á, Ivorra S. Violin Ceramic Joist Slabs: Evaluation and Proposal for Intervention with Duplex-Type Stainless Steel. Buildings. 2022; 12(7):942. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070942
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalmerón, Antonio, Miguel-Ángel Climent, and Salvador Ivorra. 2022. "Violin Ceramic Joist Slabs: Evaluation and Proposal for Intervention with Duplex-Type Stainless Steel" Buildings 12, no. 7: 942. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070942