Evaluation of Mineral Carbonation of Asbestos-Tex and Analysis of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Mineral Carbonation
2.2.1. Asbestos-Tex Slurry
2.2.2. Carbonation Experiments
2.2.3. Characterization
2.3. Airborne Asbestos Concentration
3. Results
3.1. Mineral Carbonation
3.1.1. Microstructure
3.1.2. X-ray Diffraction Analysis
3.2. Airborne Asbestos Concentration Analysis
4. Conclusions
- SEM analysis revealed that the asbestos-tex raw material was in the form of needle-like fibrous minerals. At 3 MPa, the mineral form was not significantly different from the raw material. However, at 5 MPa, carbonate particles were generated. At 10 MPa or above, it was transformed into thick rod-like minerals following mineral carbonation.
- Asbestos-tex is a mixture of calcium carbonate, quartz, and chrysotile. At the CO2 partial pressures of 3 and 5 MPa, only some parts of the chrysotile were transformed into magnesite. At CO2 partial pressures of 10 MPa or above, most of the chrysotile was transformed into magnesite; at 12 MPa, a large growth of magnesite crystals was observed.
- The analysis of airborne asbestos concentration did not show any significant difference between the carbonated samples (at 3 or 5 MPa) and the raw material. However, at 10 MPa or above, it was significantly reduced to one-seventh of that of the raw material. This confirmed that the asbestos-type fibrous material was transformed into a mineral through the carbonation process.
- Mineral carbonation of asbestos-tex was conducted at a constant temperature of 100 °C and a range of CO2 partial pressures. Only a fraction of the chrysotile of asbestos-tex was transformed into magnesite at low-partial pressures. However, at CO2 partial pressures in excess of 10 MPa, the detoxification of asbestos-tex was achieved up to a level that made it more significant than 3 µm.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Oxide Composition (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CaO | SiO2 | MgO | Fe2O3 | Al2O3 | SO3 | K2O | Others | |
Asbestos-Tex | 59.4 | 20.6 | 6.86 | 4.79 | 3.88 | 3.21 | 0.65 | 0.61 |
Exposure Pressures | Observed Field Count | Number of Fibers (1 f) | Number of Fibers (1/2 f) | Number of Fibers | Number of Fibers per Unit Area (f/mm2) | Asbestos Concentration (f/cc) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atmospheric pressure | 100 | 3 | 1 | 3.5 | 4.459 | 0.00046 |
3 MPa | 3 | 1 | 3.5 | 4.459 | 0.00046 | |
5 MPa | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3.821 | 0.00039 | |
10 MPa | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.637 | 0.000065 | |
12 MPa | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.637 | 0.000065 |
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Lim, Y.; Jang, H.; So, S. Evaluation of Mineral Carbonation of Asbestos-Tex and Analysis of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations. Buildings 2022, 12, 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091372
Lim Y, Jang H, So S. Evaluation of Mineral Carbonation of Asbestos-Tex and Analysis of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations. Buildings. 2022; 12(9):1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091372
Chicago/Turabian StyleLim, Yongtaek, Hongseok Jang, and Seungyoung So. 2022. "Evaluation of Mineral Carbonation of Asbestos-Tex and Analysis of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations" Buildings 12, no. 9: 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091372