A TRIZ-Inspired Conceptual Development of a Roof Tile Transportation and Inspection System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
- RQ1: How can TRIZ be used to resolve the manual labour contradictions in the transportation and inspection process of the Indonesian roof tile manufacturing industry?
- RQ2: What are the inventive steps of the solution used to address the manual issues in the roof tile transportation and inspection process?
2.1. RQ1: TRIZ in Resolving Manual Labour Contradictions
2.1.1. Engineering Contradictions
- EC1: If the entire roof tile transportation system is done manually, then transporting the tiles becomes straightforward and less complex but human intervention is constantly required.
- EC2: If the entire inspection system is done manually, then inspecting the tiles becomes straightforward and less complex, but it is challenging to detect all defects manually.
- EC3: If the operator is allowed to handle the tiles during the inspection manually, then it is easy for the operator to inspect both sides of the tiles manually, but there will also be a risk of human-induced defects or damages to the tiles.
2.1.2. System Parameters
2.1.3. Contradiction Matrix
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Proposed Concept
3.2. RQ2: Inventive Steps of the Solution
3.2.1. First Inventive Step: Conveyor-Based Transportation and Inspection Process
- A three-phase motor as a means of driving the feeder conveyor;
- An inverter as a tool to change the direction of motor motion;
- A reverse button as a manual sensor to turn on the reverse motor conveyor with auto manual mode;
- A forward button as a manual sensor to turn on the forward motor conveyor with auto manual mode;
- A stop button as a manual sensor to turn off the conveyor;
- A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) as an instrument to store the automation system.
- A three-phase motor as a means of driving the top view inspection conveyor;
- An inverter as a tool to change the direction of motor motion;
- A reverse button as a manual sensor to turn on the reverse motor conveyor with auto manual mode;
- A forward button as a manual sensor to turn on the forward motor conveyor with auto manual mode;
- A stop button as a manual sensor to turn off the conveyor;
- A photoelectric sensor as a device that provides a signal to stop the conveyor at a critical time to take photos;
- A PLC as an instrument to store the automation system.
- A three-phase motor as the flipping conveyor driving tool;
- An inverter as a tool to change the direction of motor motion;
- A reverse button as a manual sensor to turn on the reverse motor conveyor with auto manual mode;
- A forward button as a manual sensor to turn on the forward motor conveyor with auto manual mode;
- A stop button as a manual sensor to turn off the conveyor;
- A photoelectric sensor as a device that provides a signal to stop the conveyor at a critical time to take photos;
- A PLC as an instrument to store the automation system.
- A three-phase motor as a driving tool for the bottom view inspection conveyor;
- An inverter as a tool to change the direction of motor motion;
- A reverse button as a manual sensor to turn on the reverse motor conveyor with auto manual mode;
- A forward button as a manual sensor to turn on the forward motor conveyor with auto manual mode;
- A stop button as a manual sensor to turn off the conveyor;
- A photoelectric sensor as a device that provides a signal to stop the conveyor at a critical time when photos are taken;
- A PLC as an instrument to store the automation system.
3.2.2. Second Inventive Step: Flip Process
- Flipping cylinder 1 to push the roof tile;
- Flipping cylinder 2 to push the roof tile;
- A PLC as an instrument to save the program of the flipping conveyor automation system.
3.3. Potential Green and Carbon Consequences
4. Conclusions
Directions for Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Engineering Parameters | Inventive Principles | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Weight of moving object | 21 | Power | 1 | Segmentation | 21 | Skipping |
2 | Weight of stationary object | 22 | Loss of energy | 2 | Taking out | 22 | Convert harm into benefit |
3 | Length of moving object | 23 | Loss of substance | 3 | Local quality | 23 | Feedback |
4 | Length of stationary object | 24 | Loss of information | 4 | Asymmetry | 24 | Intermediary |
5 | Area of moving object | 25 | Loss of time | 5 | Merging | 25 | Self-service |
6 | Area of stationary object | 26 | Quantity of substance | 6 | Universality | 26 | Copying |
7 | Volume of moving object | 27 | Reliability | 7 | Nested doll | 27 | Cheap short living objects |
8 | Volume of stationary object | 28 | Measurement accuracy | 8 | Anti-weight | 28 | Mechanics substitution |
9 | Speed | 29 | Manufacturing precision | 9 | Prior counteraction | 29 | Pneumatics and hydraulics |
10 | Force (intensity) | 30 | Object-affected harmful | 10 | Preliminary action | 30 | Flexible shells and thin films |
11 | Stress or pressure | 31 | Object-generated harmful | 11 | Beforehand cushioning | 31 | Porous materials |
12 | Shape | 32 | Easy of manufacture | 12 | Equipotentiality | 32 | Color changes |
13 | Stability of the object | 33 | Ease of operation | 13 | The other way round | 33 | Homogeneity |
14 | Strength | 34 | Ease of repair | 14 | Spheroidicity-curvature | 34 | Discarding and recovering |
15 | Durability of moving object | 35 | Adaptability or versatility | 15 | Dynamics | 35 | Parameter changes |
16 | Durability of nonmoving object | 36 | Device complexity | 16 | Partial or excessive actions | 36 | Phase transition |
17 | Temperature | 37 | Difficulty of detecting | 17 | Another dimension | 37 | Thermal expansion |
18 | Illumination intensity | 38 | Extent of automation | 18 | Mechanical vibration | 38 | Strong oxidants |
19 | Use of energy by moving | 39 | Productivity | 19 | Periodic action | 39 | Inert atmosphere |
20 | Use of energy by stationary | 20 | Continuity of useful action | 40 | Composite materials |
EC | Variables | System Parameters | |
---|---|---|---|
Manipulative | Improving (I) and Worsening (W) | ||
EC1 | If the entire roof tile transportation system is done manually | I: then transporting the tiles becomes straightforward and less complex | 36: Device complexity |
W: but human intervention is constantly required | 38: Extent of automation | ||
EC2 | If the entire inspection system is done manually | I: then inspecting the tiles becomes straightforward and less complex | 36: Device complexity |
W: but it is challenging to detect all defects manually | 37: Difficulty of detecting | ||
EC3 | If the operator is allowed to manually handle the tiles during inspection | I: then it is easy for the operator to manually inspect both sides of the tiles | 33: Ease of operation |
W: but there will also be a risk of human-induced defects or damages on the tiles | 30: Object-affected harmful factor |
EC | Feature | System Parameters | Inventive Principles |
---|---|---|---|
EC1 | Improving | 36: Device complexity | 15: Dynamics 1: Segmentation 24: Intermediary |
Worsening | 38: Extent of automation | ||
EC2 | Improving | 36: Device complexity | 15: Dynamics 10: Preliminary action 37: Thermal expansion 28: Mechanics substitution |
Worsening | 37: Difficulty of detecting | ||
EC3 | Improving | 33: Ease of operation | 2: Taking out 25: Self-service 28: Mechanics substitution 39: Inert atmosphere |
Worsening | 30: Object-affected harmful factors |
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Ng, P.K.; Prasetio, M.D.; Liew, K.W.; Lim, B.K.; Oktafiani, A.; Salma, S.A.; Safrudin, Y.N. A TRIZ-Inspired Conceptual Development of a Roof Tile Transportation and Inspection System. Buildings 2022, 12, 1456. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091456
Ng PK, Prasetio MD, Liew KW, Lim BK, Oktafiani A, Salma SA, Safrudin YN. A TRIZ-Inspired Conceptual Development of a Roof Tile Transportation and Inspection System. Buildings. 2022; 12(9):1456. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091456
Chicago/Turabian StyleNg, Poh Kiat, Murman Dwi Prasetio, Kia Wai Liew, Boon Kian Lim, Ayudita Oktafiani, Sheila Amalia Salma, and Yunita Nugrahaini Safrudin. 2022. "A TRIZ-Inspired Conceptual Development of a Roof Tile Transportation and Inspection System" Buildings 12, no. 9: 1456. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091456