Energy-Performance Evaluation with Revit Analysis of Mathematical-Model-Based Optimal Insulation Thickness
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Calculations for Building Performance with Sandwich Design
2.1.1. Calculating Heat Loss
2.1.2. Annual Energy Cost
2.1.3. Optimization of Insulation Thickness
2.1.4. Calculation of the Fuel Consumption Process
2.2. Revit Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. LCCA (Life-Cycle Cost Analysis)
3.2. Energy Consumption Analysis with Revit Simulation during One Year
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
As | Annual total cost difference [TRY/m2] |
CA | Annual energy cost for hearing [TRY/m2-year] |
Cf | Fuel cost [TRY/kg] |
Cins | Insulation material cost [TRY/m2] |
Ct | Total heating cost of non-insulated building [TRY/m2-year] |
Ct, ins | Total heating cost of insulated building [TRY/m2-year] |
DD | Degree-days [°C day] |
EA | Annual energy required for heating [J/m2-year] |
g | Inflation rate [%] |
Hu | Thermal value [J/kg] |
i | Interest rate [%] |
U | Total heat-transfer coefficient [W/m2 K] |
LCCA | Life-cycle cost analysis |
N | Lifetime [year] |
pp | Payback period [year] |
PWF | Present-value factor |
q | Thermal loss per unit field of external walls [W/m2] |
qA | Annual heating loss [W/m2] |
r | Real interest rate [%] |
Rext | Outdoor thermal resistance coefficient [m2 K/W] |
Rint | Indoor thermal resistance coefficient [m2 K/W] |
Rins | Thermal resistance coefficient of the insulation material [m2 K/W] |
Rt | Thermal resistance coefficient of the brick material [m2 K/W] |
Rw | Thermal resistance coefficient of the non-insulated wall layer [m2 K/W] |
Rtw | Total thermal resistance coefficient of the non-insulated wall layer [m2 K/W] |
Rtw, ins | Total thermal resistance coefficient of the insulated wall layer |
x | Insulation thickness [m] |
xopt | Optimum insulation thickness [m] |
k | Thermal conductivity of the insulation material [W/mK] |
ŋ | Efficiency of burning system |
D | Thickness [m] |
M | Molecular weight of the fuel [kg/k mol] |
MCO2 | Molecular weight of CO2 [kg CO2/kg fuel] |
MSO2 | Molecular weight of SO2 [kg SO2/kg fuel] |
mfa | Yearly energy cost of heating per unit field [TRY/year] |
my | Yearly fuel consumption [kg/year] |
T0 | Daily temperature [°C] |
Tb | Base temperature [°C] |
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Authors | Fuel Type | City in Turkey | Methodology | Insulation Material | Opt. Insulation Thickness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yüksel and Comaklı [28] | Fuel oil | Erzurum | - | Styrofoam | 0.10 m calculated |
Dombaycı [53] | Coal | Denizli | - | Expanded polystyrene | 0.095 m calculated |
Onan [54] | Natural gas | İstanbul | P1–P2 | EPS | 0.0525 cm calculated |
Gürel and Daşdemir [55] | Fuel oil, natural gas | Aydın, Edirne, Malatya and Sivas | LCC | EPS, XPS | 0.036–0.10 m calculated |
Bolatturk [56] | LPG, electricity, fuel oil, coal, natural gas | Four cities for each of DD zones in Turkey (in total, 16 cities) | LCC | Polystyrene | For heating, they change in a broad range (between 0.019 and 0.172 m) relying on provinces and utilized energy source type |
Dombayci et al. [57] | LPG, electricity, fuel oil, coal, natural gas | Denizli | LCC | Rock wool, Expanded polystyrene | For EPS, 0.259–0.076 m depending on fuel type For rock wool, 0.138–0.032 m depending on fuel type |
Bolatturk [26] | For cooling, electricity For heating, natural gas | Mersin, Izmir, Iskenderun, Hatay, Antalya, Adana, Aydin, | P1–P2 | Extruded polystyrene | 0.016–0.027 m for HDHs and 0.032–0.038 m for CDHs |
Yuksel and Comakli [10] | Coal | Erzincan Kars, Erzurum | LCC | Styrofoam | 0.085 m, 0.107 m, 0.105 m |
Kaynakli [58] | LPG, fuel oil, coal, natural gas, electricity, | Bursa | Rock wool (for basement), fiberglass (for external walls and for ceiling) | 0.124 m and 0.053 m depending on fuel type | |
Sisman et al. [59] | Coal | Erzurum, Izmir, Eskisehir, Bursa | LCC | Rock wool | 0.033, 0.047, 0.061, and 0.080 m (for walls) |
Ucar and Balo [60] | LPG, natural gas, electricity, fuel oil, coal, | Elazig, Kocaeli, Agri, Aydin | P1–P2 | Extr. polystyrene, foamboard 3500, fiberglass, foamboard 1500 | 0.0764–0.0106 m depending on fuel type and city |
Ucar and Balo [61] | Bitlis, Mersin, Elazig, Sanliurfa, | P1–P2 | Rock wool, nil siding, expanded and extruded polystyrene | 0.01 and 0.076 depending on CDDs or HDDs, fuel type, and insulation material | |
Kallioglu [62] | Natural gas, fuel oil, coal | Diyarbakir | EPS and XPS | 0.068 and 0.083 m calculated |
Material | Thickness | Thermal Condictivity (W/m K) | R (m2 K/W) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
a | Internal plaster (lime-based) | 0.02 | 0.87 [4] | 0.023 |
b | Construction materials (internal) | |||
Porous light brick | 0.085 | 0.33 [4] | 0.257 | |
Gas concrete | 0.085 | 0.18 [4] | 0.472 | |
Bims block | 0.085 | 0.156 [4] | 0.544 | |
Insulation materials | ||||
c | XPS | * | 0.028 [4] | |
Glass wool | * | 0.04 [4] | ||
d | Construction materials (external) | |||
Porous light brick | 0.13 | 0.33 [4] | 0.393 | |
Gas concrete | 0.13 | 0.18 [4] | 0.722 | |
Bims block | 0.13 | 0.156 [4] | 0.232 | |
e | Exterior Plaster (cement-based) | 0.03 | 1.4 [4] | 0.021 |
Energy Type | Hu × 106 (j/kg) | ηS | Unit Price [TRY/kWh] | Chemical Formula |
---|---|---|---|---|
Coal | 25.122 | 0.65 | 1.78 × 10−9 | |
Natural gas | 34.542 | 0.93 | 4.19 | |
Fuel oil | 40.614 | 0.80 | 4.36 × 10−9 | |
Electricity | 3.6 | 0.99 | 24.01 | - |
Building Information | |
---|---|
Carrier System: | Masonry Construction |
Number of Floors: | Ground Floor |
Story Height: | 3 m |
Dimensions: | 10 m × 10 m |
Gross Area: | 100 m2 |
Net Area: | 87 m2 |
Type 1 | Internal plaster (lime-based) | Porous light brick | XPS (0.04 m) | Porous light brick | Exterior Plaster (cement-based) |
Type 2 | Internal plaster (lime-based) | Porous light brick | Glass wool (0.06 m) | Porous light brick | Exterior Plaster (cement-based) |
Type 3 | Internal plaster (lime-based) | Gas concrete | XPS (0.03 m) | Gas-concrete | Exterior Plaster (cement-based) |
Type 4 | Internal plaster (lime-based) | Gas concrete | Glass wool (0.05 m) | Gas-concrete | Exterior Plaster (cement-based) |
Type 5 | Internal plaster (lime-based) | Bims block | XPS (0.02 m) | Bims block | Exterior Plaster (cement-based) |
Type 6 | Internal plaster (lime-based) | Bims block | Glass wool (0.04 m) | Bims block | Exterior Plaster (cement-based) |
Type 2 | Internal plaster (lime-based) | Porous light brick | Glass wool (0.06 m) | Porous light brick | Exterior Plaster (cement-based) |
Optimal Insulating Thickness (m) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Extruded Polystyrene | Glass Wool | |||||||
Coal | Natural Gas | Fuel Oil | Electricity | Coal | Natural Gas | Fuel Oil | Electricity | |
Porous light brick | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.16 |
Gas concrete | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.14 |
Bims | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.14 |
Payback Period (Years) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Extruded Polystyrene | Glass Wool | |||||||
Coal | Natural Gas | Fuel Oil | Electricity | Coal | Natural Gas | Fuel Oil | Electricity | |
Porous light brick | 2.69 | 2.89 | 2.48 | 2.15 | 2.82 | 3.06 | 2.62 | 2.27 |
Gas concrete | 3.17 | 3.38 | 2.97 | 2.63 | 3.37 | 3.60 | 3.15 | 2.78 |
Bims | 3.29 | 3.51 | 3.09 | 2.75 | 3.51 | 3.76 | 3.28 | 2.91 |
Energy Cost Savings (TRY/m2) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Extruded Polystyrene | Glass Wool | |||||||
Coal | Natural Gas | Fuel Oil | Electricity | Coal | Natural Gas | Fuel Oil | Electricity | |
Porous light brick | 8.74 | 7.66 | 9.95 | 12.84 | 9.43 | 8.11 | 10.86 | 14.12 |
Gas concrete | 8.76 | 7.64 | 9.83 | 12.41 | 9.13 | 7.73 | 10.53 | 13.66 |
Bims | 8.79 | 7.56 | 9.83 | 12.31 | 9.03 | 7.57 | 10.43 | 13.52 |
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Balo, F.; Ulutaş, A. Energy-Performance Evaluation with Revit Analysis of Mathematical-Model-Based Optimal Insulation Thickness. Buildings 2023, 13, 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020408
Balo F, Ulutaş A. Energy-Performance Evaluation with Revit Analysis of Mathematical-Model-Based Optimal Insulation Thickness. Buildings. 2023; 13(2):408. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020408
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalo, Figen, and Alptekin Ulutaş. 2023. "Energy-Performance Evaluation with Revit Analysis of Mathematical-Model-Based Optimal Insulation Thickness" Buildings 13, no. 2: 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020408