Optimization of the Composition of Cement Pastes Using Combined Additives of Alumoferrites and Gypsum in Order to Increase the Durability of Concrete
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Procedure
2.2.1. Mixture Proportioning
2.2.2. Cement Mixing
2.3. Test Procedure
2.3.1. Strength Test
2.3.2. Water Absorption Test
2.3.3. Water Permeability Test
2.3.4. Expansion and Shrinkage Tests
2.3.5. Corrosion Resistance Testing
2.3.6. Physical Structure and Chemical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Physical Essence of Optimizing the Structure of Hardened Cement Paste
3.2. Chemical Essence of the Increased Corrosion Resistance of Hardened Cement Paste
4. Conclusions
5. Possible Directions for Future Studies
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AFCS | OPC | |
---|---|---|
SiO2, % | 14.40 | 22.03 |
Al2O3, % | 8.70 | 5.15 |
Fe2O3, % | 16.20 | 4.86 |
CaO, % | 51.90 | 65.41 |
MgO, % | 1.17 | 1.20 |
SO3, % | 4.60 | 0.34 |
Loss of ignition, % | 0.01 | 0.21 |
Density, m3/kg | 2.90 | 3.16 |
Blaine grinding fineness cm2/g | 4230 | 3190 |
AFCS | OPC | |
---|---|---|
Alite | 10 | 67 |
Belite | 25 | 15 |
Tricalcium aluminate | - | 5 |
Tetracalcium alumoferrite | 65 | 13 |
Material | The Designation of the Composition “X-Y” | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
100-0 | 95-5 | 90-10 | 85-15 | |
OPC | 450 | 427.5 | 405 | 382.5 |
AFCS | - | 22.5 | 45 | 67.5 |
Water | 225 | 225 | 225 | 225 |
Polyfractional sand | 1350 | 1350 | 1350 | 1350 |
№ | Description of the Procedure | Procedure Duration, min | Mixer Speed Mode |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Mixing of the components | 1.0 | Slow |
2 | Adding water, mixing | 1.5 | Slow |
3 | Pause, manual stirring | 1.0 | - |
4 | Mixing | 2.0 | Rapid |
5 | Mixing | 1.5 | Slow |
Total mixing time, min | 7.0 |
Sample | Flexural Strength, MPa | Compressive Strength, MPa | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
28 | 60 | 90 | 180 | 360 | 28 | 60 | 90 | 180 | 360 | |
100-0 | 6.8 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 11.1 | 12.3 | 49.4 | 54.2 | 56.9 | 58.7 | 59.2 |
95-5 | 6.1 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 11.4 | 12.5 | 47.3 | 53.8 | 58.1 | 60.4 | 62.6 |
90-10 | 5.9 | 9.3 | 11.2 | 12.4 | 13.1 | 46.5 | 53.2 | 58.8 | 61.7 | 63.6 |
85-15 | 5.3 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 12.0 | 12.6 | 45.2 | 51.8 | 57.1 | 60.1 | 62.0 |
Sample | Filtration Coefficient, Kf cm/s | Water Absorption, wt. % | Water Resistance Grade |
---|---|---|---|
100-0 | 5.5·10−10 | 4.1 | W8 |
95-5 | 2.6·10−10 | 3.5 | W12 |
90-10 | 1.2·10−10 | 2.9 | W14 |
85-15 | 2.1·10−10 | 3.2 | W14 |
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Samchenko, S.V.; Kozlova, I.V.; Korshunov, A.V. Optimization of the Composition of Cement Pastes Using Combined Additives of Alumoferrites and Gypsum in Order to Increase the Durability of Concrete. Buildings 2023, 13, 565. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020565
Samchenko SV, Kozlova IV, Korshunov AV. Optimization of the Composition of Cement Pastes Using Combined Additives of Alumoferrites and Gypsum in Order to Increase the Durability of Concrete. Buildings. 2023; 13(2):565. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020565
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamchenko, Svetlana V., Irina V. Kozlova, and Andrey V. Korshunov. 2023. "Optimization of the Composition of Cement Pastes Using Combined Additives of Alumoferrites and Gypsum in Order to Increase the Durability of Concrete" Buildings 13, no. 2: 565. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020565