Seismic Response and Damage Analysis of Shield Tunnel with Lateral Karst Cavity under Oblique SV Waves
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Artificial Boundary and Model Validation
2.1. 3D Viscous-Spring Artificial Boundary
2.2. Model Validation
3. Underground Structure Model
3.1. Model Introduction
3.2. 3D Finite Element Models of Underground Structure
3.3. Seismic Input
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Structural Deformation
4.2. Structural Stress
4.3. Damage Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Wang, W.L.; Wang, T.T.; Su, J.J.; Lin, C.H.; Seng, C.R.; Huang, T.H. Assessment of damage in mountain tunnels due to the Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2001, 16, 133–150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Konagai, K.; Takatsu, S.; Kanai, T.; Fujita, T.; Ikeda, T.; Johansson, J. Kizawa tunnel cracked on 23 October 2004 Mid-Niigata earthquake: An example of earthquake-induced damage to tunnels in active-folding zones. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 2009, 29, 394–403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Z.; Gao, B.; Jiang, Y.; Yuan, S. Investigation and assessment on mountain tunnels and geotechnical damage after the Wenchuan earthquake. Sci. China Ser. E-Technol. Sci. 2009, 52, 546–558. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.; Jiang, Y.; Sugimoto, S. Seismic damage assessment of mountain tunnel: A case study on the Tawarayama tunnel due to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2018, 71, 138–148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Williams, P. World Heritage Caves and Karst: A Thematic Study; A Global Review of Karst World Heritage Properties: Present Situation, Future Prospects and Management Requirements; IUCN: Gland, Switzerland, 2008; p. 57. [Google Scholar]
- Cao, j.; Jiang, Z.; Yuan, D.; Xia, R.; Zhang, C. The progress in the study of the karst dynamic system and global changes in the past 30 years. Geol. China 2017, 44, 874–900. [Google Scholar]
- Schneider, A.; Lavdas, N. Albula tunnel II: Concept for tunneling in karst-like cellular dolomite, Underground—The Way to the Future. In Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress, WTC, Geneva, Switzerland, 31 May–7 June 2013; pp. 1027–1034. [Google Scholar]
- Song, K.-I.; Cho, G.-C.; Chang, S.-B. Identification, remediation, and analysis of karst sinkholes in the longest railroad tunnel in South Korea. Eng. Geol. 2012, 135–136, 92–105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alija, S.; Torrijo, F.J.; Quinta-Ferreira, M. Geological engineering problems associated with tunnel construction in karst rock masses: The case of Gavarres tunnel (Spain). Eng. Geol. 2013, 157, 103–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, Y.; Wang, Z.; Guo, M.; Lin, P. Influence of concealed karst cave on surrounding rock stability and its treatment technology. J. Shandong Univ. Eng. Sci. 2020, 50, 33–43. [Google Scholar]
- Kaufmann, G.; Romanov, D. Modelling long-term and short-term evolution of karst in vicinity of tunnels. J. Hydrol. 2020, 581, 124282. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.; Wang, S.; Peng, X.; Ma, T.; Chen, B. Equivalent numerical simulation method and application in karst-induced collapse of overlying sandy stratum. Eng. Fail. Anal. 2022, 137, 106280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, K.; Tannant, D.D.; Zheng, W.; Chen, S.; Tan, X. Prediction of karst for tunnelling using fuzzy assessment combined with geological investigations. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2018, 80, 64–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.; Li, S.; Xu, Z.; Li, X.; Lin, P.; Lin, C. An interval risk assessment method and management of water inflow and inrush in course of karst tunnel excavation. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2019, 92, 103033. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, F.; Zhao, L.; Ling, T.; Yang, X. Rock mass collapse mechanism of concealed karst cave beneath deep tunnel. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 2017, 91, 133–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, W.; Gao, S.; Liu, L.; Wen, W.; Li, P.; Chen, J. Analysis on the safe distance between shield tunnel through sand stratum and underlying karst cave. Geosyst. Eng. 2019, 22, 81–90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Labiouse, V.; Vietor, T. Laboratory and in situ simulation tests of the excavation damaged zone around galleries in opalinus clay. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 2014, 47, 57–70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blümling, P.; Bernier, F.; Lebon, P.; Derek Martin, C. The excavation damaged zone in clay formations time-dependent behaviour and influence on performance assessment. Phys. Chem. Earth 2007, 32, 588–599. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fan, H.; Zhang, Y.; He, S.; Wang, K.; Wang, X.; Wang, H. Hazards and treatment of karst tunneling in Qinling-Daba mountainous area: Overview and lessons learnt from Yichang–Wanzhou railway system. Environ. Earth Sci. 2018, 77, 679. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.; Lai, J.; He, S.; Garnes, R.S.; Zhang, Y. Karst geology and mitigation measures for hazards during metro system construction in Wuhan, China. Nat. Hazards 2020, 103, 2905–2927. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cui, Q.-L.; Wu, H.-N.; Shen, S.-L.; Xu, Y.-S.; Ye, G.-L. Chinese karst geology and measures to prevent geohazards during shield tunnelling in karst region with caves. Nat. Hazards 2015, 77, 129–152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zang, W.; Jia, C.; Zhang, G.; Wang, Z.; Sun, W. Analysis of influence of buried depth on seismic dynamic response of karst tunnel. J. Dalian Univ. Technol. 2020, 60, 36–45. [Google Scholar]
- Huang, L.; Liu, Z.; Wu, C.; Liang, J. The scattering of plane P, SV waves by twin lining tunnels with imperfect interfaces embedded in an elastic half-space. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2019, 85, 319–330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yan, L.; Haider, A.; Li, P.; Song, E. A numerical study on the transverse seismic response of lined circular tunnels under obliquely incident asynchronous P and SV waves. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2020, 97, 103235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, N.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, Y.; Dai, D.; Huang, C. Effect of imperfect interfaces on dynamic response of a composite lining tunnel with an isolation layer under plane P and SV waves. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 2021, 142, 106586. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zlatanović, E.; Šešov, V.; Lukić, D.Č.; Bonić, Z. Influence of a new-bored neighbouring cavity on the seismic response of an existing tunnel under incident P- and SV-waves. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 2021, 50, 2980–3014. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Savigamin, C.; Bobet, A. Seismic response of a deep circular tunnel subjected to axial shear and axial bending. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2021, 112, 103863. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lyu, C.; Yu, L.; Wang, M.; Xia, P.; Sun, Y. Upper bound analysis of collapse failure of deep tunnel under karst cave considering seismic force. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 2020, 132, 106003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, B.; Deng, M.; Zhang, S.; Cui, W.; Wang, C.; Yu, L.; Cao, K. Inelastic dynamic analysis and damage assessment of a hydraulic arched tunnel under near-fault SV waves with arbitrary incoming angles. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2020, 104, 103523. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lyu, D.; Ma, S.; Yu, C.; Liu, C.; Wang, X.; Yang, B.; Xiao, M. Effects of oblique incidence of SV waves on nonlinear seismic response of a lined arched tunnel. Shock Vib. 2020, 2020, 1–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Liu, J.; Du, Y.; Du, X.; Wang, Z.; Wu, J. 3D Viscous-spring Artificial Boundary in time domain. Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib. 2006, 5, 93–102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lysmer, J.; Kuhlemeyer, R.L. Finite dynamic model for infinite media. J. Eng. Mech. Div. 1969, 95, 859–877. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bettess, P. Infinite elements. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 1977, 11, 53–64. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Song, C.; Wolf, J.P. The scaled boundary finite-element method-alias consistent infinitesimal finite-element cell method-for elastodynamics. Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 1997, 147, 329–355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chew, W.C.; Liu, Q.H. Perfectly matched layers for elastodynamics: A new absorbing boundary condition. J. Comput. Acoust. 1996, 4, 341–359. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, J.; Lu, Y. A direct method for analysis of dynamic soil structure interaction. Chin. Civil. Eng. J. 1998, 31, 55–64. [Google Scholar]
- Huang, J.; Du, X.; Jin, L.; Zhao, M. Impact of incident angles of P waves on the dynamic responses of long lined tunnels. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 2016, 45, 2435–2454. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, B.; Li, S.; Yang, X.; Wang, X. Research on seismic wave input with three-dimensional viscoelastic artificial boundary. Rock Soil Mech. 2009, 30, 774–778. [Google Scholar]
- Du, X.; Zhao, M.; Wang, J. A stress artificial boundary in FEA for near-field wave problem. Chinese J. Theor. Appl. Mech. 2006, 38, 49–56. [Google Scholar]
- Liao, Z.; Liu, J. Elastic wave motion in discrete grids. Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib. 1986, 6, 1–16. [Google Scholar]
- Hua, J.; Zheng, J. Geological Engineering Handbook; China Architecture and Building Press: Beijing, China, 2018; pp. 184–189. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, J.; Tan, C.X.; Ye, G.T.; Ba, Z.N.; Liang, J.W. Realization of ground motion input in ABAQUS for layered foundation under SV wave of oblique incidence over critical angle. Eng. Mech. 2021, 38, 200–210. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, J. Study on Nonlinear Seismic Response of Rock Tunnels. Ph.D. Thesis, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Atsushi, K. Design of Shield Tunnel Segment-From Allowable Stress Method to Limit State Method; Guan, L., Translator; China Architecture and Building Press: Beijing, China, 2012; pp. 50–64. [Google Scholar]
- Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People′s Republic of China. Code for Design of Concrete Structures: GB 50010-2010; China Architecture and Building Press: Beijing, China, 2015; pp. 209–215.
- Chen, G.M.; Teng, J.G.; Chen, J.F. Finite-element modeling of intermediate crack debonding in FRP-plated RC beams. J. Compos. Constr. 2011, 15, 339–353. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yu, H.; Chen, J.; Yuan, Y.; Zhao, X. Seismic damage of mountain tunnels during the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. J. Mt. Sci. 2016, 13, 1958–1972. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, C. Study on Seismic Response Characteristic and Shock Absorption Measures of Tunnels Crossing Karst Area. Master’s thesis, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China, 2018. [Google Scholar]
Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Density (kg/m3) | Poisson Ratio | P Wave Speed (m/s) | SV Wave Speed (m/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 2200 | 0.3 | 1106 | 591 |
Material | Constitutive Model | Input Parameter | Magnitude |
---|---|---|---|
Concrete lining | CDP | Mass density (kg/m3) | 2500 |
Elastic modulus (GPa) | 31.5 | ||
Poisson ratio | 0.2 | ||
Tensile yield stress (MPa) | 2.2 | ||
Compressive yield stress (MPa) | 23.4 | ||
Surrounding rock | MC | Density (kg/m3) | 2200 |
Elastic modulus (GPa) | 2 | ||
Poisson ratio | 0.3 | ||
Friction angle (°) | 40 | ||
Cohesion (MPa) | 4 |
Category | Damage State | Crack Width | Tensile Damage Value |
---|---|---|---|
I | No damage | = 0 | = 0 |
II | Slight damage | > 0 | > 0 |
III | Severe damage | ≥ 0.2 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Li, M.; Meng, K.; Zhou, J. Seismic Response and Damage Analysis of Shield Tunnel with Lateral Karst Cavity under Oblique SV Waves. Buildings 2023, 13, 605. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030605
Li M, Meng K, Zhou J. Seismic Response and Damage Analysis of Shield Tunnel with Lateral Karst Cavity under Oblique SV Waves. Buildings. 2023; 13(3):605. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030605
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Mingda, Kang Meng, and Jing Zhou. 2023. "Seismic Response and Damage Analysis of Shield Tunnel with Lateral Karst Cavity under Oblique SV Waves" Buildings 13, no. 3: 605. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030605