Design and Implementation of a Futuristic EV Energy Trading System (FEETS) Connected with Buildings, PV, and ESS for a Carbon-Neutral Society
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Necessity of Platform-Based Integrated Energy Management
1.2. The Concept of Used Energy Trading Platform and Prosumer
- In Section 3, we introduce the Carbon-Neutral Digital Innovation Platform and present the importance of energy strategy through the small platform connection method.
- We design a futuristic energy trading business model and accompanying PV and EV charging and trading platform based on an energy sharing mechanism in Section 5.
- We introduce Korea’s energy policy and contract power and propose an energy supply strategy based on the energy supply and demand mechanism to respond to contract power in Section 6.
- We analyze the electricity bill for one month through scenario-based simulations of an existing building and the proposed system in Section 6.
2. Related Work
2.1. Service Aspect
2.2. Platform Aspect
2.3. Physical Infra. Aspect
3. System Configuration
3.1. System Architecture
3.1.1. Carbon-Neutral Digital Innovation Platform (CNDIP)
- Infrastructure layer: The most important element in the infrastructure layer is the energy IoT. The energy IoT refers to a service that maximizes the energy efficiency through energy information collection, load management of the energy demand, and energy sharing/transactions by developing IoT-based smart energy platform technology to solve energy problems in a hyper-connected society. In addition, data are one of the important elements in the infrastructure layer. Representatively, there are various types of data (temperature, humidity, movement, power, etc.) from BEMS smart sensors and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), renewable energy generation/facilities, fuel cells, PV infrastructure, and wind power generation infrastructure.
- Big-data layer: The big-data layer manages carbon-neutral data and analyzes energy data to optimize various types of carbon-neutral data from the infrastructure layer.
- Digital layer: The digital layer is responsible for data analysis and intelligence processing to create meaningful values of big data from the infrastructure layer. In addition, it is possible to link digital twins through a federated digital twin.
- Platform layer: Creating new value through platform linkage is becoming an essential technology. Through the connection between the previously built platform and the newly created platform, it is possible to build a customized platform for users. Therefore, the platform layer has a role in connecting various platforms of carbon neutrality and energy.
- Service layer: In the service layer, analysis prediction can be performed through data received from the infrastructure layer, and a business model can be built as a service element.
3.1.2. Proposed System Architecture (Connection of CNDIP)
3.2. Overview of the System in the Building Domain
3.3. Construction of PV and ESS Domain
3.4. Construction of the EV/V2G Domain
3.5. Overall System Connection Diagram and Architecture
4. Methodology
4.1. Energy DR Management Methodology
4.1.1. Demand Prediction
4.1.2. Supply Prediction
4.2. Three Steps to Avoid Building Peaks (BEMS, PV/ESS, and EV Demand–Supply Management)
4.3. Platform Connection-Based Energy Management Algorithm
4.3.1. Step 1. Demand Prediction of the Building
4.3.2. Step 2. Supply Prediction of the PV and ESS
4.3.3. Step 3. Energy Supply and Trading with EV
5. Proposed System Scenarios
5.1. Step 1. Building Domain
5.2. Step 2. PV + ESS Domain
5.3. Step 3. EV Domain (FEETS_Energy Transaction)
5.4. System Connection Process Based on the FEETS Overall Scenario
5.5. Business Model of FEETS
6. Business Analysis Simulation Based on a Scenario
6.1. Simulation Value Settings
6.2. BM Analysis Simulation Procedure Based on a Scenario
6.2.1. Existing Building Electricity Bill Simulation
6.2.2. Proposed Building Application with a System Electricity Bill Simulation
- One day (10~14:00) production per PV panel (0.5 k): 3 k.
- Best-case PV generation amount per day (PVs): 834 kWh;
- Worst-case PV generation amount per day (PVc): 83.4 kWh (Set to 10% of PVs).
6.3. Business Model of FEETS and Future Platform Strategy
6.3.1. The Used Energy Trading Platform (UETP)
6.3.2. Importance of Small Platform Connection
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Class. | Existing System | Proposed System |
---|---|---|
Service domain |
|
|
Discrimination in services |
|
|
Service application area |
|
|
DR management |
|
|
Energy peak control |
|
|
Domain | Modules | Details | Related Service | Related Layer |
---|---|---|---|---|
Building |
| The temperature/humidity/CO2/fine dust sensors |
| Infra Layer |
| Device management and operation | |||
| Building information data gathering and integrate management |
| ||
| Building energy analysis and management |
| Big-Data Layer | |
| Demand analysis and energy prediction | Digital /Platform Layer | ||
| User and EV identification and authorization management |
| ||
PV/ESS |
| PV management and operation |
| Infra Layer |
| Building integration main intelligent ESS | |||
| PV management and operation |
| ||
| Power generation (kWh), Charge (kWh), Discharge (kWh) data |
| ||
| PV/ESS energy analysis and management |
| Big-Data Layer | |
| Supply analysis and energy prediction management | Digital /Platform Layer | ||
| User identification and authorization management |
| ||
EV |
| Small temporary ESS for EVs |
| Infra Layer |
| EV charging integrates management and operation |
| ||
| Energy charging system for EVs |
| ||
| EV information integrates management |
| Big-Data Layer | |
| User information integrates management | |||
| Intelligent energy trading management system |
| Digital /Platform Layer |
Num. | Item | Contents and Components |
---|---|---|
1 | Testbed active optimal control system (IoT sensor) |
|
1-1 | Testbed active-type optimal control system (IoT sensor) components |
|
1-2 |
| |
1-3 |
| |
1-4 |
| |
1-5 |
| |
2 | Testbed active-type optimal control system (control equipment) |
|
Num. | Domain | Scenario Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Building |
|
|
|
| ||
|
| ||
2 | PV/ESS |
|
|
|
| ||
|
| ||
3 | EV |
|
|
4 | Environmental information |
|
|
5 | Power type |
|
|
Domain | Scenario Parameter |
---|---|
451 kWh/month ~ kWh/month |
|
| |
| |
~720 kWh/month excess |
|
Power Type | Base Rate Bill (KRW) (A) | Electricity Bill (Month) (B) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summer (6~8) | Spring/Fall (3~5, 9~10) | Winter (11~12) | |||
Low-pressure power | 6160 | 113.0 | 72.5 | 99.6 | |
High-pressure power A | I | 7170 | 123.2 | 79.2 | 110.9 |
II | 8230 | 119.2 | 74.9 | 105.6 | |
High-pressure power B | I | 7170 | 121.1 | 78.1 | 107.9 |
II | 8230 | 115.8 | 72.8 | 102.6 |
Class | Building Demand Rate | PV Supply Rate | Weather | Situation Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
Situation 1 | Low | High (100%) | Sunny |
|
Situation 2 | Low | Low (10%) | Cloud |
|
Situation 3 | High | High (100%) | Sunny |
|
Situation 4 | High | High (100%) | Sunny |
|
Situation 5 | High | Low (10%) | Cloud |
|
Situation 6 | High | Low (10%) | Cloud |
|
Class | Electricity Bill (KRW) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Time | Summer (6~8) | Spring/Fall (3~5, 9~10) | Winter (11~12) | |
Low-pressure power | 23:00~09:00 | 64.9 | 66.0 | 88.0 |
09:00~10:00 12:00~13:00 17:00~23:00 | 152.6 | 77.8 | 135.5 | |
10:00~12:00 13:00~17:00 | 239.8 | 82.7 | 198.1 |
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Share and Cite
Park, S.; Park, S.; Yun, S.-P.; Lee, K.; Kang, B.; Choi, M.-i.; Jang, H.; Park, S. Design and Implementation of a Futuristic EV Energy Trading System (FEETS) Connected with Buildings, PV, and ESS for a Carbon-Neutral Society. Buildings 2023, 13, 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030829
Park S, Park S, Yun S-P, Lee K, Kang B, Choi M-i, Jang H, Park S. Design and Implementation of a Futuristic EV Energy Trading System (FEETS) Connected with Buildings, PV, and ESS for a Carbon-Neutral Society. Buildings. 2023; 13(3):829. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030829
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Sangmin, SeolAh Park, Sang-Pil Yun, Kyungeun Lee, Byeongkwan Kang, Myeong-in Choi, Hyeonwoo Jang, and Sehyun Park. 2023. "Design and Implementation of a Futuristic EV Energy Trading System (FEETS) Connected with Buildings, PV, and ESS for a Carbon-Neutral Society" Buildings 13, no. 3: 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030829