Strengthening Behavior of Rectangular Stainless Steel Tube Beams Filled with Recycled Concrete Using Flat CFRP Sheets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Works
2.1. Material Properties
2.2. Specimen Preparation
2.3. Test Setup
3. Results Discussion
3.1. Failure Modes
3.1.1. RCFSST Specimens with Varied Recycled Aggregates
3.1.2. RCFSST Specimens Strengthened with CFRP Sheets
3.2. Bending Moment versus Tensile Strain
3.3. Bending Moment Capacity
3.4. Energy Absorption (EA) Index
4. Numerical Method
4.1. Finite Element (FE) Modeling
4.2. Effects of the Varying Parameters
5. Analytical Design Guidelines
6. Conclusions
- The concrete-filled stainless steel tube beams showed a flexural behavior and failure mode very similar to those previously tested using carbon steel tubes, particularly when using a combination of varied lightweight, recycled aggregates (EPS, CCA, CGA, CRA, and FGA). By using up to 100% recycled aggregate content, the concrete infill strength and weight of the RCFSST beam were reduced by about 25% and 12%, respectively, while the bending capacity of these beams was reduced by about 15% compared to the corresponding beam filed with normal concrete;
- The flexural performance of the pre-damaged RCFSST beams was extensively improved when strengthened the bottom flange only with CFRP sheets. The flexural strength capacity of the pre-damaged RCFSST beams was improved by about 32.7% and 43.6% when strengthened with one and three CFRP layers, respectively;
- The energy absorption index of the RCFSST beams was reduced by about 35% and 12% when the content of the lightweight, recycled aggregates in the concrete core was increased by about 50% and 100%, respectively;
- The FE models have reasonably simulated the actual bending behavior of the tested RCFSST specimens. Generally, increasing the w/t ratio showed a higher bending enhancement for the beams strengthened with multiple CFRP layers, which is very similar to the behavior of previously investigated CFST beams (carbon/cold-formed steel tube). For example, the RCFSST models with w/t ratios equal to 15 and 48 achieved a bending capacity improvement equal to 18% and 35%, respectively, when strengthened with three CFRP layers. Furthermore, the predicted Mu values of the tested specimens and analyzed models using the existing methods confirmed the validity of the current investigations with acceptable deviations ranging from 0.015 to 0.082;
- The strengthening and repairing performance of the CFSST beams using CFRP sheets still needs more investigation by considering the effects of varied parameters that have not yet been studied, such as different beam cross-sections and wrapping schemes under different loading scenarios (cyclic/fatigue).
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Mixture Designation | Cement | Fine Agg. | Coarse Agg. | EPS | CCA | CGA | CRA | FGA | Water | Density (kg·m−3) | fcu (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MC0 | 390 | 700 | 1115 | - | - | 195 | 2311 | 27.8 | |||
MC50 | 350 | 595 | 781 | 1.1 (15%) | 93 (10%) | 133 (10%) | 26 (7.5%) | 78 (7.5%) | 195 | 2200 | 24.3 |
MC100 | 350 | 455 | 335 | a 1.8 (25%) | 31 (25%) | 264 (20%) | b 53 (15%) | 157 (15%) | 195 | 2053 | 20.9 |
Specimen Designation | W × D × t (mm) | Le (m) | Notch Provided | Recycled Aggregate Content (%) | CFRP Layers |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MC0 | 100 × 150 × 3 | 1.85 | - | 0 | - |
MC50 | 100 × 150 × 3 | 1.85 | - | 50 | - |
MC100 | 100 × 150 × 3 | 1.85 | - | 100 | - |
MC100-N | 100 × 150 × 3 | 1.85 | Yes | 100 | - |
MC100-N-1CFRP | 100 × 150 × 3 | 1.85 | Yes | 100 | 1 |
MC100-N-3CFRP | 100 × 150 × 3 | 1.85 | Yes | 100 | 3 |
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Dabbagh, N.M.R.; Al Zand, A.W.; Liejy, M.C.; Ansari, M.; Tawfeeq, W.M.; Badaruzzaman, W.H.W.; Kaish, A.B.M.A.; Yaseen, Z.M. Strengthening Behavior of Rectangular Stainless Steel Tube Beams Filled with Recycled Concrete Using Flat CFRP Sheets. Buildings 2023, 13, 1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13041102
Dabbagh NMR, Al Zand AW, Liejy MC, Ansari M, Tawfeeq WM, Badaruzzaman WHW, Kaish ABMA, Yaseen ZM. Strengthening Behavior of Rectangular Stainless Steel Tube Beams Filled with Recycled Concrete Using Flat CFRP Sheets. Buildings. 2023; 13(4):1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13041102
Chicago/Turabian StyleDabbagh, Noaman Mohammed Ridha, Ahmed W. Al Zand, Mohammed Chyad Liejy, Mohammad Ansari, Wadhah M. Tawfeeq, Wan Hamidon Wan Badaruzzaman, A. B. M. A. Kaish, and Zaher Mundher Yaseen. 2023. "Strengthening Behavior of Rectangular Stainless Steel Tube Beams Filled with Recycled Concrete Using Flat CFRP Sheets" Buildings 13, no. 4: 1102. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13041102