Impact of Steel Fiber Volume Fraction and Morphology on the Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Materials
2.2. Mix Proportion
2.3. Test Specimens
2.4. Test Methods
3. Test Results and Discussion
3.1. Compressive Strength
3.2. Tensile Strength
3.3. Flexural Strength
3.4. Flexural Strength to Compressive Strength Ratio
4. Reinforcing Effect of SF
4.1. Reinforcing Effect Evaluation
4.2. Reinforcing Effect Calculation
5. Value Engineering Analysis
6. Conclusions
- Steel fiber has the same reinforcing effect on NCAC and RCAC. For RCAC, the suitable content range of SF is from 0.5% to 1.5% of in terms of the reinforcement effects on and . When ≤ 2%, the larger the , the higher the . The upper limit of for needs to be further studied.
- The reinforcing effect of SF on the strength of SFRCAC is related to the strength of the RCAC matrix. When all other conditions are equal, the SF with the larger diameter has the better reinforcing effect on the of RCAC; the steel fiber with the higher AR has the better reinforcing effect on the and of RCAC.
- Among the three types of steel fibers, MF and SF have similar reinforcing effects on , , and , However, the / values of SFNCAC and SFRCAC with BF are much higher than those with MF and SF because of the larger aspect ratio of the former.
- According to the value engineering analysis method, it can be inferred that although RCAC has the best cost performance, its mechanical properties are the worst, which makes it difficult to apply in practical engineering. Compared with SFNCAC, SFRCAC has lower cost and similar mechanical properties, which means that it has better cost performance.
- The positive reinforcing effect of SF on the and of RCAC is much better than that on . A linear regression equation between / and , and a quadratic equation between / and of SFRCAC, were put forward. The content of steel fiber can be calculated by Equation (3) or Equation (4) when the required or of RCAC is given, respectively.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Abridge |
---|---|
Steel-fiber-reinforced recycled coarse aggregate concrete | SFRCAC |
Natural recycled coarse aggregate concrete | NCAC |
Steel fibers | SF |
Milling fiber | MF |
Shear-wave fiber | SWF |
Both-end hooked fiber | BF |
Volume fraction | |
Compressive strength | |
Splitting tensile strength | |
Flexural strength |
Type | Specific Gravity (kg/m3) | Surface Area (m2/kg) | Standard Consistency (%) | Stability | Setting Time (Min) | Compressive Strength (MPa) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial | Final | 3 d | 28 d | 3 d | 28 d | |||||
P.O 42.5 | 3100 | 352 | 24.7 | Eligibility | 175 | 220 | 23.5 | 45 | 5.6 | 8.5 |
Aggregate Type | Apparent Density (kg/m3) | Loose Packing Density (kg/m3) | Dry-Rodded Density (kg/m3) | Water Absorption (wt%) | Crushing Index (%) | Void Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCA | 2640 | 1302 | 1412 | 4.85 | 17.7 | 50.3 |
NCA | 2814 | 1568 | 1630 | 1.40 | 8.8 | 44.3 |
Sand | 2556 | 1611 | 1486 | 0.56 | - | - |
Type | Mean Length (lf)/mm | Mean Diameter (df)/mm | Aspect Ratio (lf/df) |
---|---|---|---|
Milling (MF) | 32.3 | 0.944 | 34.2 |
Shear-wave (SWF) | 30.0 | 0.756 | 39.7 |
Both-end hooked (BF) | 62.0 | 0.753 | 82.3 |
Specimen No. | Water | Cement | Sand | NCA | RCA | Steel Fiber | /MPa | /MPa | /MPa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NC | 164 | 342 | 721 | 1283 | 0 | 0 | 42.10 | 3.77 | 5.90 |
RC | 164 | 342 | 721 | 0 | 1283 | 0 | 40.78 | 3.11 | 4.46 |
NCMF0.5 | 172 | 358 | 749 | 1171 | 0 | 39 | 42.76 | 3.81 | 6.67 |
NCNF0.5-C | 172 | 358 | 749 | 1171 | 0 | 0 | 42.32 | 3.69 | 5.71 |
RCMF0.5 | 172 | 358 | 749 | 0 | 1171 | 39 | 42.09 | 3.28 | 5.00 |
RCNF0.5-C | 172 | 358 | 749 | 0 | 1171 | 0 | 41.80 | 3.22 | 4.79 |
NCMF1.0 | 180 | 375 | 796 | 1099 | 0 | 78 | 48.87 | 5.06 | 7.28 |
NCBF1.0 | 180 | 375 | 796 | 1099 | 0 | 78 | 45.44 | 5.61 | 16.25 |
NCSWF1.0 | 180 | 375 | 796 | 1099 | 0 | 78 | 45.37 | 5.19 | 8.13 |
NCNF1.0-C | 180 | 375 | 796 | 1099 | 0 | 0 | 47.05 | 3.81 | 5.78 |
RCMF1.0 | 180 | 375 | 796 | 0 | 1099 | 78 | 45.56 | 4.12 | 5.74 |
RCBF1.0 | 180 | 375 | 796 | 0 | 1099 | 78 | 42.63 | 4.61 | 14.07 |
RCSWF1.0 | 180 | 375 | 796 | 0 | 1099 | 78 | 41.60 | 4.24 | 6.43 |
RCNF1.0-C | 180 | 375 | 796 | 0 | 1099 | 0 | 38.59 | 3.22 | 4.79 |
NCMF1.5 | 188 | 392 | 842 | 1029 | 0 | 117 | 52.56 | 5.43 | 8.76 |
NCNF1.5-C | 188 | 392 | 842 | 1029 | 0 | 0 | 49.42 | 3.94 | 6.59 |
RCMF1.5 | 188 | 392 | 842 | 0 | 1029 | 117 | 49.79 | 5.57 | 7.36 |
RCNF1.5-C | 188 | 392 | 842 | 0 | 1029 | 0 | 45.12 | 3.71 | 5.53 |
NCMF2.0 | 196 | 408 | 886 | 960 | 0 | 156 | 52.11 | 5.67 | 9.27 |
NCNF2.0-C | 196 | 408 | 886 | 960 | 0 | 0 | 48.29 | 3.23 | 5.65 |
RCMF 2.0 | 196 | 408 | 886 | 0 | 960 | 156 | 50.77 | 5.58 | 8.54 |
RCNF2.0-C | 196 | 408 | 886 | 0 | 960 | 0 | 48.07 | 3.32 | 5.34 |
Specimen Designation | NCAC | RCAC | SFNCAC | SFRCAC |
---|---|---|---|---|
/MPa | 48.29 | 48.07 | 52.11 | 50.77 |
/MPa | 3.23 | 3.32 | 5.67 | 5.58 |
/MPa | 5.65 | 5.34 | 9.27 | 8.54 |
Strength evaluation | 19.06 | 18.91 | 22.35 | 21.63 |
Total cost | 491.75 | 234.66 | 725.75 | 468.66 |
Value | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
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You, P.; Ma, Z.; Zhang, L.; Wang, Y.; Feng, Q.; Li, L. Impact of Steel Fiber Volume Fraction and Morphology on the Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete. Buildings 2023, 13, 2341. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092341
You P, Ma Z, Zhang L, Wang Y, Feng Q, Li L. Impact of Steel Fiber Volume Fraction and Morphology on the Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete. Buildings. 2023; 13(9):2341. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092341
Chicago/Turabian StyleYou, Peibo, Zhili Ma, Lijuan Zhang, Yi Wang, Qi Feng, and Li Li. 2023. "Impact of Steel Fiber Volume Fraction and Morphology on the Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete" Buildings 13, no. 9: 2341. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092341