Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Magnesium Oxychloride Cement-Based Composites at Ambient and Elevated Temperature
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Materials
2.2. Mix Design
2.3. Mixing Procedure and Sample Preparation
2.4. Testing Procedures
2.4.1. Flowability, Setting Time and Hardened Density
2.4.2. Compressive and Tensile Tests
2.4.3. Elevated Temperature Testing
2.4.4. Microstructural Tests
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Fresh Properties
3.2. Hardened Density
3.3. Mechanical Properties
3.3.1. Mechanical Performance of FRMOCC at Ambient (Room) Temperature
3.3.2. Mechanical Performance of FRMOCC at Elevated Temperatures
Compressive Strength
Tensile Strength
Tensile Stress–Strain Behaviour
3.4. Qualitative and Microstructural Characterisation
3.4.1. Surface Appearance
3.4.2. Mass Loss
3.4.3. Microstructural Characteristics
4. Conclusions
- The addition of fibres adversely affected flowability and setting time, resulting in decreased flowability and increased setting time. However, the flow value remained within a similar range (150–160 mm) as OPC-based cementitious composites.
- Mix M2.0BF0PP exhibited the highest compressive strength (71.71 MPa) and tensile strength (9.39 MPa) at room temperature, indicating that basalt fibres contribute positively to strength. However, the strength relatively reduced with increase in PP fibre content.
- All FRMOCC specimens suffered significant mass loss with increase in temperature, with mass loss exceeding 31% at 600 °C. This was found to be substantially higher than mass loss observed in OPC-based cementitious composites and was due to the continuous decomposition of main hydration phases which was further confirmed through XRD and SEM analysis.
- Compressive strength significantly decreased with increase in temperatures, especially at 800 °C, where it reduced by over 95%. Specimen with the highest volume of PP fibre (M1.5BF0.5PP) demonstrated the best overall performance, potentially due to the melting effect of PP fibres, which aided in vapor pressure release and reduced internal stresses. Furthermore, the performance of this mix was found to be substantially better than the previously reported residual strength of MOC without fibres, providing additional confirmation of the beneficial effect of fibre addition in improving fire performance.
- Tensile strength also suffered significant loss with an increase in temperature. A decrease of 71–85% was observed at 200 °C. Contrary to compressive strength, the specimens with PP fibre suffered a higher decrease as a result of their melting. Mix M2.0BF0PP showed the best performance in terms of tensile strength followed by mixes M1.5BF0.5PP and M1.7BF0.3PP.
- No significant cracks or spalling were observed in any of the specimens exposed to temperatures ranging from 200 to 800 °C. This might be due to the adopted low heating rate and positive influence of fibres.
- Considering the substantial performance loss in FRMOCC specimens at elevated temperatures, it is recommended that future studies should be directed towards addition of binders to generate more thermally stable hydration phases. This could enhance performance, allowing for broader application in various structural elements and non-structural uses, such as cladding panels.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fibre Type | Length (mm) | Diameter (μm) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Density (g/cm3) | Melting Point (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PP | 12 | 23 | 585 | 5.1 | 0.91 | 165 |
Basalt | 12 | 13 | 3300–4840 | 91–110 | 2.65 | 269–700 (operating temperature) |
Mix ID | Molar Ratio of All Mixes | Sand/Binder | FA | PA | MFP | Basalt | PP | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MgO/MgCl2 | H2O/MgCl2 | |||||||
M2.0BF0PP | 8 | 13 | 0.23 | 30% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 2.0% | - |
M1.7BF0.3PP | 8 | 13 | 0.23 | 30% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 1.7% | 0.3% |
M1.5BF0.5PP | 8 | 13 | 0.23 | 30% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 1.5% | 0.5% |
M2.0BF0PP | M1.7BF0.3PP | M1.5BF0.5PP | |
---|---|---|---|
Flow value (mm) | 158 | 160 | 152 |
Initial setting time (hours) | 5.5 | 5.15 | 5.75 |
Final setting time (hours) | 6.75 | 7 | 7.15 |
M2.0BF0PP | M1.7BF0.3PP | M1.5BF0.5PP | |
---|---|---|---|
Density (kg/m3) | 1920 ± 8.83 | 1902 ± 4.81 | 1813 ± 3.41 |
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Rawat, S.; Saliba, P.; Estephan, P.C.; Ahmad, F.; Zhang, Y. Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Magnesium Oxychloride Cement-Based Composites at Ambient and Elevated Temperature. Buildings 2024, 14, 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010270
Rawat S, Saliba P, Estephan PC, Ahmad F, Zhang Y. Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Magnesium Oxychloride Cement-Based Composites at Ambient and Elevated Temperature. Buildings. 2024; 14(1):270. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010270
Chicago/Turabian StyleRawat, Sanket, Paul Saliba, Peter Charles Estephan, Farhan Ahmad, and Yixia Zhang. 2024. "Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Magnesium Oxychloride Cement-Based Composites at Ambient and Elevated Temperature" Buildings 14, no. 1: 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010270