Public Policies for the Energy Efficiency of Buildings in Mexico
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Methodology
3. Results
3.1. Energy Efficiency Policies or Strategies Applied in Residential Buildings of Mexico
3.1.1. Mandatory and Optional Standards for Buildings in Mexico
Standard | Authority | Application | Type of Building | Objective |
---|---|---|---|---|
NOM-008-ENER-2001 Energy efficiency in buildings, non-residential building envelope [45]. | Secretary of Energy (SENER). | All the new no residential buildings and the existing extension buildings to optimize the thermal insulation behavior design obtaining benefits like, the energy saving due to the diminishing on the capability of the cooling equipment and better comfort. | New no residential buildings and existing building extensions. | Limits the heating profit of the buildingd through their insulation with the purpose of rationalize the energy use in the cooling systems. |
NOM-009-ENER-2014 Energy Efficiency in Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems [46]. | Secretary of Energy, through the National Commission for the Energy Efficient Use | New industrial thermal insulation systems, extensions and/or modifications, that operate at hight temperature (298 K (25 °C) and up to 923 K (650 °C) and below under 298 K (25 °C) and up to 73 K (−200 °C). | Industrial | Establish the energy efficiency industrial thermal insulation systems, through the maximum density of independent thermal flow of the thermal insulation system utilized in the pipe or industrial equipment. |
NOM-018-ENER-2011 Thermal insulation for buildings. Characteristics, limits and test methods, (NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-018-ENER-2011, Aislantes térmicos para edificaciones. Características ymétodos de prueba., 2011) [47] | Secretary of Energy, through the National Commission for the Energy Efficient Use and the Federal Consumer Procurement. | Products, components and elements that are domestic manufactured or import with thermal insulation properties for ceilings, plafonds and walls of the buildings, produced and commercialized with that purpose, without prejudice of other purposes, Thermal insulation for foundation are excluded. | Industrial, commercial and residential buildings. | Establish the features and trial methods that the products, components and elements have to accomplish for ceilings, plafonds and the walls of the buildings. |
NOM-020-ENER-2011 Energy efficiency in buildings, building envelopes for residential use [48]. | Secretary of Energy, through the National Commission for the Energy Efficient Use | All the new buildings for housing purposes and extensions of the buildings for existing housing purposes | Buildings for housing purposes. | Limit the heating profit of buildings for housing purposes through its insulation, with the purpose of rationalize the energy use in the cooling systems. |
NOM-024-ENER-2012 Thermal and optical characteristics of glass and glazing systems for buildings. Labeling and test methods [49]. | Secretary of Energy, through the National Commission for the Energy Efficient Use and the Federal Consumer Procurement. | Glass and glazing systems homogeneus transparent and translucents, domestic manufactures or import, to be utilize in the building that will be built in national terrotory. | Industrial, commercial and residential buildings. | Establish the obligation to certify the optical and thermal features of the glass and glazing systems, just like the verification trial methods, for its verification, with the purpose of ensuring the thermal insulation in buildings. |
Standard | Authority | Application | Type of Building | Objective |
---|---|---|---|---|
NMX-C-460-ONNCCE-2009 Thermal insulation—“R” value for housing envelopes by thermal zone for the Mexican Republic. Specifications and verification [50]. | Secretary of Economy | Insulation dwellings to improve the conditions of habitability and to diminish the energy demand used to thermal refurbish indoors, according to the thermal zonerdo where located. | Dwellings and extensions of them. | Establish the specifications of total thermal resistance (R Valor). |
NMX-U-125-SCFI-2016 Roof coatings with high solar reflectance index. Specifications and test methods [51]. | Secretary of Economy | Dull fluid products of placement on site and premanufactures products ir imported, to use or to commercialize, they could be commercialized as “High Index Solar Reflectance coatings”. | Industrial, commercial and residential buildings. | Establish the specifications and essay methods that coatings for building ceilings have to accomplish and to be named “High index sola reflectance coatings”. |
NMX-AA-164-SCFI-2013 Sustainable building. Minimum environmental criteria and requirements [52] | Secretary of environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) | All the public and private bu ildings destined in a whole or a mixed use to different activities of same nature, for housing, commercial, services or industrial. | Residential commercial, services or industrial buildings. | Especifies the criteria and environmental minimal requirements in a building and the sustainable benefit of natural resources, without overlooking socioeconomic aspects that ensure your viability, habitability and integration of the las topic. |
NMX-AA-171-SCFI-2014 Environmental and specifications of performance requirements for lodging establishments [53]. | Secretary of Economy | Establishments of hospitality interested in demonstrate the accomplishment of touristic environmental performance requirements. | Hospitality establishment. | Establishes the requirements and specifications of environmental performancefor the operation of hospitality establishments. |
NMX-C-7730-ONNCCE-2018 Construction Industry-Ergonomics of the thermal environment-Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort by calculating the VME and PEI indices and local thermal comfort criteria [54]. | Secretary of Economy | To determine and to interpret the thermal comfort of people outdoors. | Any type of building, either residentia, office or public space. | Presen methods for prognosis of the general thermal sensation general and the discomfort degree (thermal dissatisfaction) of exposed people to moderate thermal environments. |
NMX-R-060-SCFI-2013 Windows and architectural products for the exterior enclosure of facades. Classifications and specifications [55] | Secretary of Economy | Doors, windows and enclosure in general, including: Rooftop windows, balcony, emergency pedestrian doors, fixed mosquito screen, foldable or rolling. | Industrial, commercial and residential buildings. | Establish the doors, windows and enclosures properties to guarantee the safety and qualityof these products in Mexico. |
3.1.2. Strategies Implemented for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
- The Green Mortgage program, a low-cost credit scheme, grants an additional amount to National Workers’ Housing Fund Institut (INFONAVIT) beneficiaries to finance the purchase of ecotechnologies in their households. This program began as a pilot test in 2007; as it was successful, it was institutionalized nationwide in 2009. Since then, the program has functioned as an optional credit scheme that provides an additional amount to beneficiaries to finance fixed packages of ecotechnologies to be chosen among several options, depending on the climate zone in which the households are located. In 2011, a new scheme called “Flexible Green Mortgage” was approved; it allows beneficiaries to select the ecotechnologies that best meet their needs, obtained from a list approved by INFONAVIT. All housing loans granted by INFONAVIT must include an additional amount for using ecotechnologies. This becomes mandatory for all eligible borrowers who acquire a loan, whether for used or new housing, expansion, remodeling, or self-construction. The granting criteria comply with minimum savings generated by ecotechnologies based on their salary segment (without considering the consumption habits of the beneficiaries).
- The ecotechnologies contemplated in this program depend on the bioclimatic zone where the house is located and include energy-saving light bulbs, high-efficiency or low-consumption air-conditioning equipment, thermal insulation for roofs or walls, gas water heaters, ecological-grade toilets, showers, faucets, or valves with energy-saving devices, and double-glazed windows with PVC frames. This list is updated with equipment that complies with certifications or efficiency reports and is authorized by INFONAVIT. The program has granted financing to approximately 3 million workers’ housing units with INFONAVIT credit, of which more than 500 thousand have been evaluated with the Green Housing Evaluation System (SISEVIVE) [45].
- Another program, the Integral Sustainable Improvement in Existing Housing program, promoted by the National Housing Commission (CONAVI), supports the residential sector in acquiring sustainable and efficient technologies to re-duce household electricity consumption. Participating technologies include efficient gas heaters, solar heaters, photovoltaic systems, air conditioners (omit-ting heating systems), and thermal insulation [57].
- The EcoCasa program was created in 2014 by SHF in conjunction with the Inter-American Development Bank and the German Development Bank in the framework of National Appropriate Mitigation Action for Sustainable Housing (NAMA); with three schemes, EcoCasa I, II, and III, it offers preferential rates based on the level of energy efficiency, location, and water savings according to the operating rules of the program and the bioclimatic zone of the project [58].
- EcoCasa seeks to reduce at least 20% of carbon dioxide emissions through sustain-able criteria based on the integral performance of housing. DEEVi is an evaluation of the energy efficiency of housing aimed to guide users towards more sustainable designs, creating awareness of the critical measures that can be applied in residential buildings. SAAVi, i.e., a household water-saving simulator, is used to estimate the water savings in a dwelling based on the comparison of the efficiency of its de-vices and the consumption level of a reference dwelling (the baseline) (see Figure 3).
- 6.
- NAMA Facility is an SHF program that provides financial incentives and technical assistance to SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises). Its objective is to facilitate the incorporation of Small and Medium Developers (DPyMEs) into the low-carbon housing market by eliminating investment barriers and providing better access to financing sources for the construction of 8000 to 11,000 households that achieve at least 20% CO2 reductions compared with a baseline home [60].
3.2. Evaluation Systems
- IDG is a Global Performance Index
- DET is a Total Specific Demand (sensible and latent cooling plus heating), in kWh/m2·year
- DEP is a Primary Energy Demand (heating, cooling, domestic hot water (DHW), dehumidification, auxiliary electricity, household electricity), in kWh/m2·year
- CPA is a Projected Water Consumption
3.2.1. EE Key Indicators in Residential Type Buildings
3.2.2. Analysis of Benefits Resulting from Incentives and Strategies Applied in Both Cases
3.3. EE Study in the Residential Sector
Comparative Studies of EE Policies or Strategies in Latin America Countries
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Farghali, M.; Osman, A.I.; Chen, Z.; Abdelhaleem, A.; Ihara, I.; Mohamed, I.M.A.; Yap, P.-S.; Rooney, D.W. Social, environmental, and economic consequences of integrating renewable energies in the electricity sector: A review. Environ. Chem. Lett. 2023, 21, 1381–1418. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- IEA. World Energy Outlook 2022. 2022. Available online: https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2022 (accessed on 21 May 2024).
- Billio, M.; Casarin, R.; Costola, M.; Veggente, V. Learning from experts: Energy efficiency in residential buildings. Energy Econ. 2024, 136, 107650. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Buchner, B.; Naran, B.; Fernandes, P.; Padmanabhi, R.; Rosane, P.; Solomon, M.; Stout, S.; Strinati, C.; Tolentino, R.; Wakaba, G.; et al. Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2021. 2021. Available online: https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/global-landscape-of-climate-finance-2021/ (accessed on 12 July 2024).
- Griego, D.; Krarti, M.; Hernandez-Guerrero, A. Energy efficiency optimization of new and existing office buildings in Guanajuato, Mexico. Sustain. Cities Soc. 2015, 17, 132–140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Copiello, S.; Donati, E.; Bonifaci, P. Energy efficiency practices: A case study analysis of innovative business models in buildings. Energy Build. 2024, 313, 114223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- IEA. World Energy Outlook 2023. 2023. Available online: www.iea.org/terms (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Hafez, F.S.; Sa’Di, B.; Safa-Gamal, M.; Taufiq-Yap, Y.; Alrifaey, M.; Seyedmahmoudian, M.; Stojcevski, A.; Horan, B.; Mekhilef, S. Energy Efficiency in Sustainable Buildings: A Systematic Review with Taxonomy, Challenges, Motivations, Methodological Aspects, Recommendations, and Pathways for Future Research. Energy Strategy Rev. 2023, 45, 101013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fang, M.; Misnan, M.S.; Halim, N.H.F.A. A Systematic Literature Review on Energy Efficiency Analysis of Building Energy Management. Buildings 2024, 14, 3136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Imghoure, O.; Belouaggadia, N.; Zaite, A.; Ezzine, M.; Lbibb, R.; Sebaibi, N. Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Moroccan Construction through Innovative Materials: A Case Study in a Semiarid Climate. Buildings 2024, 14, 3087. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mirhosseini, H.; Li, J.; Iulo, L.D.; Freihaut, J.D. Quantifying the Enhanced Performance of Multifamily Residential Passive House over Conventional Buildings in Terms of Energy Use. Buildings 2024, 14, 1866. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fuinhas, J.A.; Koengkan, M.; Silva, N.; Kazemzadeh, E.; Auza, A.; Santiago, R.; Teixeira, M.; Osmani, F. The Impact of Energy Policies on the Energy Efficiency Performance of Residential Properties in Portugal. Energies 2022, 15, 802. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Economidou, M.; Todeschi, V.; Bertoldi, P.; D’Agostino, D.; Zangheri, P.; Castellazzi, L. Review of 50 years of EU energy efficiency policies for buildings. Energy Build. 2020, 225, 110322. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Economidou, M.; Ringel, M.; Valentova, M.; Castellazzi, L.; Zancanella, P.; Zangheri, P.; Serrenho, T.; Paci, D.; Bertoldi, P. Strategic energy and climate policy planning: Lessons learned from European energy efficiency policies. Energy Policy 2022, 171, 113225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blomqvist, S.; Ödlund, L.; Rohdin, P. Understanding energy efficiency decisions in the building sector—A survey of barriers and drivers in Sweden. Clean. Eng. Technol. 2022, 9, 100527. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- SENER; CONUEE; AFD. Base de Indicadores de Eficiencia Energética. Available online: https://www.biee-conuee.net/ (accessed on 24 September 2024).
- Encinas, F.; Marmolejo-Duarte, C.; Wagemann, E.; Aguirre, C. Energy-efficient real estate or how it is perceived by potential homebuyers in four Latin American countries. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3531. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ministerio de Minas y Energía. Plan de Acción Indicativo PROURE. Available online: https://www1.upme.gov.co/DemandayEficiencia/Paginas/PROURE.aspx (accessed on 22 September 2024).
- Consejo Nacional de Energía. Política Energética Nacional de el Salvador. 2010. Available online: https://biblioteca.olade.org/opac-tmpl/Documentos/cg01016.pdf (accessed on 22 September 2024).
- Ministerio de Energía y Minas. Plan Nacional de Energía 2017–2032. Available online: http://consensomontevideo.cepal.org/es/instrumento/plan-nacional-de-energia-2017-2032 (accessed on 22 September 2024).
- Dirección Nacional de Planeamiento y Política Energética Sectorial. Balance Energético Nacional 2022. Tegucigalpa. September 2023. Available online: https://sen.hn/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Balance-energetico-2022.pdf (accessed on 22 September 2024).
- Asamblea Nacional. Lineamientos Generales de la Política Nacional Para el uso Racional y Eficiente de la Energía en el Territorio Nacional. República de Panáma. October 2012. Available online: www.asamblea.gob.pa (accessed on 22 September 2024).
- Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Comunicaciones. Plan Nacional de Eficiencia Energética de la República de Paraguay. 2014. Available online: https://www.ssme.gov.py/vmme/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1732 (accessed on 22 September 2024).
- Energía y Minas. Politica Energetica Nacional Perú. 28 May 2010; pp. 1–6. Available online: https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/898446/DS-064-2010-EM.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0oz_UsNDK9TyzoMEi9TcySPO0HvACsfU8J421Aim3WtTjieeXb4t4xBNs (accessed on 22 September 2024).
- SIE. Plan Estratégico SIE 2021–2024. 2021. Available online: https://transparencia.sie.gob.do/nomina/plan-estrategico-institucional/ (accessed on 22 September 2024).
- Ministerio de Energía. Eficiencia Energética en Edificios Públicos: Estándares, Programas Relacionados y Proyectos en la Región de Aysén. 2020. Available online: https://www.energia.gob.cl/sites/default/files/01._eficiencia_energetica_en_edificios_publicos_y_programas_relacionados.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- CONUEE. Normas Oficiales Mexicanas de Eficiencia Energética: Balance Al 2020. 2021. Available online: https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/687383/BALANCE_NOM_ENER_al_2020_final_14122021.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Jiménez Torres, M.; Bienvenido-Huertas, D.; May Tzuc, O.; Bassam, A.; Ricalde Castellanos, L.J.; Flota-Bañuelos, M. Assessment of climate change’s impact on energy demand in Mexican buildings: Projection in single-family houses based on Representative Concentration Pathways. Energy Sustain. Dev. 2023, 72, 185–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Griego, D.; Krarti, M.; Hernández-Guerrero, A. Optimization of energy efficiency and thermal comfort measures for residential buildings in Salamanca, Mexico. Energy Build. 2012, 54, 540–549. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moctezuma-Sánchez, M.; Espinoza Gómez, D.; López-Sosa, L.B.; Golpour, I.; Morales-Máximo, M.; González-Carabes, R. A Thermal Model for Rural Housing in Mexico: Towards the Construction of an Internal Temperature Assessment System Using Aerial Thermography. Buildings 2024, 14, 3075. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rosas-Flores, J.A. Elements for the development of public policies in the residential sector of Mexico based in the Energy Reform and the Energy Transition law. Energy Policy 2017, 104, 253–264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sanchez, S.F.; Flores Segovia, M.A.; Rodríguez López, L.C. Estimating a national energy security index in Mexico: A quantitative approach and public policy implications. Energy Strategy Rev. 2023, 45, 101019. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Amendola, M.; Lamperti, F.; Roventini, A.; Sapio, A. Energy efficiency policies in an agent-based macroeconomic model. Struct. Change Econ. Dyn. 2024, 68, 116–132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ochoa, R.; Guerrero, T.; Velasco, G. Housing Manufacturing in Mexico: Building Efficient Houses in Inefficient Locations? Procedia Manuf. 2017, 8, 89–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Villegas, C.E.C.; Espíndola, H.S.; García, P.Á. Assessment of Planning and Building Regulations of Social Housing in Mexico: An Environmental Quality Approach. Case Study: Durango. Archit. City Environ. 2022, 17, 10567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lusett, M.R.; Calzada, J.R.; Roura, H.C. Buildings in warm humid weather. Tampico, tamaulipas case. Mexico. Archit. City Environ. 2020, 15, 1–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Munguia, N.; Esquer, J.; Guzman, H.; Herrera, J.; Gutierrez-Ruelas, J.; Velazquez, L. Energy efficiency in public buildings: A step toward the UN 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- SENER; CONUEE. Consumo de Electricidad de Edificios No Residenciales en México: La Importancia del Sector de Servicios. April 2019. Available online: https://www.conuee.gob.mx/transparencia/boletines/Cuadernos/cuaderno3nvociclo_2.pdf (accessed on 24 September 2024).
- Contreras, M.; Serrano-Medrano, M.; Masera, O. Patrones de Consumo Energético en el Sector Residencial de México: Un Análisis Desde la Perspectiva de Usos Finales. April 2022. Available online: https://conahcyt.mx/wp-content/uploads/pronaces/micrositios/energia_y_cambio_climatico/energia/cuadernos_tematicos/Cuaderno_Tematico_I_Pronaces_ECC_ISBN_final.pdf (accessed on 24 September 2024).
- Levac, D.; Colquhoun, H.; O’brien, K.K. Scoping Studies: Advancing the Methodology. 2010. Available online: http://www.cihr-irsc.ca (accessed on 9 July 2024).
- Arksey, H.; O’Malley, L. Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol. Theory Pract. 2005, 8, 19–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lopez-Cortes, O.D.; Betancourt-Núñez, A.; Orozco, M.F.B.; Vizmanos, B. Scoping reviews: A new way of evidence synthesis. Investig. Educ. Medica 2022, 11, 98–104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- SENER; CONUEE. Normas Oficiales Mexicanas de Eficiencia Energética: Balance Al 2013. 2013. Available online: https://www.gob.mx/conuee/documentos/normas-oficiales-mexicanas-de-eficiencia-energetica (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Secretaría de Economía. Norma Mexicana Nmx-Aa-164-Scfi-2013 Edificación Sustentable Criterios Y Requerimientos Ambientales Mínimos. 2013. Available online: https://biblioteca.semarnat.gob.mx/janium/Documentos/Ciga/agenda/DOFsr/DO3156.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Secretaría de Energía. NOM-008-ENER-2001, Eficiencia Energética en Edificaciones, Envolvente de Edificios no Residenciales. 2001; pp. 1–42. Available online: https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/693753/NOM-008.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Secretaría de Energía; Comisión Nacional de para el Uso Eficiente de la Energía. NOM¬-009¬ENER-¬2014, Eficiencia Energética en Sistemas de Aislamientos Térmicos Industriales. México, D.F. 2014; pp. 1–14. Available online: http://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/181649/NOM_009_ENER_2014.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Secretaría de Energía; Comisión Nacional para el Uso Eficiente de la Energía. NOM-018-ENER-2011, Aislantes Térmicos para Edificaciones. Características y Métodos de Prueba. México, D.F. 2011; pp. 1–11. Available online: http://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/181658/NOM_018_ENER_2011.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Secretaría de Energía; Comisión Nacional para el uso Eficiente de la Energía. NOM-020-ENER-2011, Eficiencia Energética en Edificaciones. Envolvente de Edificios para Uso Habitacional. México, D.F. 2011; pp. 1–47. Available online: http://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/181660/NOM_020_ENER_2011.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Secretaría de Energía; Comisión Nacional para el Uso Eficiente de la Energía. NOM-024-ENER-2012, Características Térmicas y Ópticas del Vidrio y Sistemas Vidriados para Edificaciones. Etiquetado y Métodos de Prueba. México, D.F. 2012; pp. 1–28. Available online: http://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/181663/NOM_024_ENER_2012.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Secretaría de Economía. NMX-C-460-ONNCCE-2009, Industria de la Construcción, Aislamiento Térmico Valor “R” para las Envolventes de Vivienda por Zona Térmica para la Republica Mexicana, Especificaciones y Verificación. México, D.F. 2009. Available online: https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5105784 (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Secretaría de Economía. MX-U-125-SCFI-2016, Industria de la Construcción, Edificaciones, Revestimientos para Techo con alto Índice de Reflectancia Solar, Especificaciones Métodos de Ensayo. 2016; pp. 1–40. Available online: https://platiica.economia.gob.mx/normalizacion/nmx-u-125-scfi-2016/ (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- SEMARNAT. NMX-AA-164-SCFI-2013, Edificación Sustentable, Criterios y Requerimientos Ambientales Mínimos. México, D.F. 2013; pp. 1–158. Available online: https://www.gob.mx/semarnat/prensa/publica-semarnat-la-norma-mexicana-de-edificacion-sustentable (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Secretaría de Economía. NMX-AA-171-SCFI-2014, Requisitos y Especificaciones de Desempeño Ambiental de Establecimientos de Hospedaje. México, D.F. 2014; pp. 1–104. Available online: http://www.economia-nmx.gob.mx/normas/nmx/2010/nmx-aa-171-scfi-2014.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Secretaría de Economía. NMX-C-7730-ONNCCE-2018, Industria de la Construcción Ergonomía del Ambiente Térmico Determinación Analítica e Interpretación del Confort Térmico Mediante el Cálculo de los Índices VME y PEI y los Criterios del Confort Térmico Local. México, D.F. 2018. Available online: https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5564192&fecha=26/06/2019 (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- Secretaría de Economía. NMX-R-060-SCFI-2013, Ventanas y Productos Arquitectónicos para el Cerramiento Exterior de Fachadas, Clasificaciones y Especificaciones. México, D.F. 2014. Available online: https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5329472&fecha=13/01/2014 (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- PEEB. Eficiencia Energética en Edificos en México, Incentivos no Financieros para Movilizar la Inversión Privada. 2021. Available online: https://www.peeb.build/imglib/downloads/PEEB_Mexico_Incentives_NonFinancieros.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- CONAVI. Mejoramiento Integral Sustentable en Vivienda. Available online: https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/129554/INFO-MejoramientoIntegralSustentableEnVivienda.pdf (accessed on 16 July 2024).
- SHF. Programas de Vivienda Sustentable. Available online: https://www.gob.mx/shf/acciones-y-programas/programa-ecocasa-shf (accessed on 16 July 2024).
- INFONAVIT. Sistema de Evaluación de la Vivienda Verde. 2014. Available online: https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/84276/SISEVIVECONUEE.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- SHF. NAMA Facility. El Programa EcoCasa para PyMEs. Available online: https://www.gob.mx/shf/documentos/nama-facility-el-programa-ecocasa-para-pymes (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- CONAVI; INFONAVIT; SHF; CONUEE; CONAGUA; GIZ. Estrategia Nacional Para la Vivienda Sustentable. 2013. Available online: https://ecotec.unam.mx/wp-content/uploads/EstrategiaNacionalparalaViviendaSustentableCONUEE.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- SEDATU; Comisión Nacional de Vivienda; CONUEE; CONAGUA; Embajada Británica en México; Fundación idea; Passive House Institute. Modelo del Sistema de Evaluación de la Vivienda Verde—Sisevive-Ecocasa. 2013. Available online: https://energypedia.info/images/1/1a/GIZ_Modelo_del_Sistema_de_Evaluaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Vivienda_Verde_2013.pdf (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- SHF. EcoCasa. Programa de Cooperación Financiera. Available online: https://www.gob.mx/shf/documentos/ecocasa-programa-de-cooperacion-financiera?state=published (accessed on 11 July 2024).
- CEPAL. Informe Nacional de Monitoreo de la Eficiencia Energética de México. 2018. Available online: https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/43612/1/S1800496_es.pdf (accessed on 24 September 2024).
- Climate Bonds Iniative. Financiando la Construcción Sustentable en México. 2020. Available online: https://www.climatebonds.net/files/reports/cbi_mexicoconstruccion_espanol.pdf (accessed on 14 July 2024).
- INFONAVIT. Manual Explicativo de la Vivienda Ecológica: Hipoteca Verde. 2021. Available online: https://portalmx.infonavit.org.mx/wps/portal/infonavit.web/proveedores-externos/para-tu-gestion/desarrolladores/hipoteca-verde/ (accessed on 14 July 2024).
- FIDE. Fideicomiso para el Ahorro de la Energía Eléctrica. Proyectos de Eficiencia Energética en Empresas. Available online: https://www.fide.org.mx/?page_id=14773 (accessed on 14 July 2024).
- Cámara de Diputados del H. Congreso de la Unión. Ley del Impuesto Sobre la Renta. 2013. Available online: https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf_mov/Ley_del_Impuesto_sobre_la_Renta.pdf (accessed on 16 July 2024).
- World Economic Forum. Fostering Effective Energy Transition. April 2021. Available online: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Fostering_Effective_Energy_Transition_2021.pdf (accessed on 14 October 2024).
- Vázquez-Torres, C.E.; Bienvenido-Huertas, D.; Beizaee, A.; Bassam, A.; Jiménez-Torres, M. Thermal performance of historic buildings in Mexico: An analysis of passive systems under the influence of climate change. Energy Sustain. Dev. 2023, 72, 100–113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Incentive | Strategy and/or Program | Features |
---|---|---|
Green Bonds | Any entity with eligible green assets can issue green bonds and/or obtain green loans. | Sustainable financial market actors can incorporate metrics and emissions targets compatible with the goals set in their credit products or green bonds, to be incorporated directly into the construction of urban infrastructure and highly efficient buildings [64]. |
Credit and Interest Rates | INFONAVIT Green Mortgage | It grants an additional amount in the mortgage loan to end users, under the premise of incorporating eco-technologies in the home, which means economic savings for the user and increases their debt capacity [65]. |
Trust Fund for Electric Energy Saving (FIDE) | It is granted to industry and MyPIMEs to incorporate energy efficiency measures in their operation, to increase their profitability and thus the ability to pay and economic growth [66]. | |
EcoCasa of Federal Mortgage Company | It grants the bridge loan rate for the construction of sustainable housing and its variants depending on the products in its portfolio and in which case, the granting of resources allows obtaining better levels in rates, which is key for the implementation and sustainability of the Program [67]. | |
Taxes | Decrease in Income Tax (ISR), contained in the Income Tax Law, establishes support for the use of natural resources, protection of the environment, flora and fauna, preservation and restoration of the ecological balance, as well as the promotion of sustainable development at regional and community level in urban and rural areas. | Tax benefits for companies that use renewable energy, establishing the maximum percentages used, in the case of fixed assets by type of asset, for example 100% in machinery and equipment for the generation of energy from renewable sources.Currently, the government of Mexico City grants a tax benefit of 10% in the reduction of property tax, to individuals who prove to be owners of residential properties that voluntarily install a rooftop naturalization system or green roof [68]. |
Type | Name | Country | City | Initiative/Program | Degree of Replication | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Promotion of EE | Regulatory Compliance Management | High | Medium | Low | |||||
Technical Advisory | Training of public servants | Mexico | Mexico | Mexican sustainable housing NAMA | x | x | x | ||
Technical assistance to industry | Mexico | Mexico | Green Mortgage | x | x | x | |||
Open technical training | Mexico | Mexico | CONUEE Webinars for Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Industry | x | x | x | |||
Awards and recognitions | Awards for high energy efficiency buildings | Mexico | Mexico City | Excellence in Energy Efficiency in Buildings | x | x | x | x | |
Public coordination | Management of federal/state initiatives (new and existing) | Mexico | Merida, Yucatan | Compliance mandate for public buildings | x | x | x | ||
Market tools | Energy performance labeling | Mexico | Mexico | Sisevive-Ecocasa | x | x | x |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Castro-Bello, M.; Gómez-Muñoz, L.; Marmolejo-Vega, C.V.; Morales-Morales, C.; Valencia-Díaz, E.F.; Maldonado-Catalán, J.F.; Marmolejo-Duarte, C. Public Policies for the Energy Efficiency of Buildings in Mexico. Buildings 2024, 14, 3437. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113437
Castro-Bello M, Gómez-Muñoz L, Marmolejo-Vega CV, Morales-Morales C, Valencia-Díaz EF, Maldonado-Catalán JF, Marmolejo-Duarte C. Public Policies for the Energy Efficiency of Buildings in Mexico. Buildings. 2024; 14(11):3437. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113437
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastro-Bello, Mirna, Lizbeth Gómez-Muñoz, Carlos Virgilio Marmolejo-Vega, Cornelio Morales-Morales, Eleazar Felipe Valencia-Díaz, José Filiberto Maldonado-Catalán, and Carlos Marmolejo-Duarte. 2024. "Public Policies for the Energy Efficiency of Buildings in Mexico" Buildings 14, no. 11: 3437. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113437