Research on the Impact of Air Temperature and Wind Speed on Ventilation in University Dormitories under Different Wind Directions (Northeast China)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Model and Methods
2.1. Theoretical Equations
2.2. Physical Model
2.3. Evaluation Method
2.4. Settings
2.5. CFD Verification
2.6. Applicability
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Phenomena
- Case 1 S Wind Direction
- Case 2 SW Wind Direction
- Case 3 W Wind Direction
3.2. Equations
4. Tests and Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Density | |
Time | |
the effective turbulent viscosity | |
The inverse effective Prandtl numbers | |
User-defined source term | |
Contribution of fluctuating expansion to the total dissipation rate | |
100 | |
Coefficient of aerodynamic viscosity of air | |
Schmidt number | |
Mass fraction | |
Coefficient of viscosity of air turbulence | |
Particle size | |
Turbulent energy | |
the turbulent dispassion rate | |
the inverse effective Prandtl numbers for k equation | |
The turbulent kinetic energy produced by buoyancy | |
User-defined source term | |
The turbulent kinetic energy produced by the average velocity gradient | |
4.38 | |
The location of the center of the grid from the wall | |
Velocity vector | |
0.012 |
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Feature | Value | Note |
---|---|---|
Room air temperature | Average 22 °C | Measurements. |
Body temperature | 36.5 °C | Replace the human body with a bed surface and emit heat. |
Ambient mean air pressure | 99,342 Pa | |
Initial air pressure difference between indoor and outdoor | −5 Pa~0 Pa | |
Ambient wind direction | W (0°); SW (45°); S (90°) | Due to the geometric symmetry of the building and considering people’s habits of using the basic wind direction, the focus is on these three wind directions. |
Ambient wind speed | 1.5 m/s; 3.3 m/s; 5.4 m/s; 7.9 m/s | The Beaufort Wind Scale ranges from wind force 1 to 4. |
Outdoor temperature | −10 °C; 0 °C; 10 °C; 20 °C | Assume. |
Calculation scheme | Coupled | |
Pressure solution | PRESTO! | |
Momentum and energy discretization scheme | Second order upwind | |
Gas definition | Incompressible-ideal-gas | Ideal for thermal diffusion. |
Wind Speed | Outdoor Temperature | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
−10 °C | 0 °C | 10 °C | 20 °C | |
1.5 m/s | 1181 s | 1290 s | 1434 s | 1706 s |
3.3 m/s | 1028 s | 1203 s | 1317 s | 1519 s |
5.4 m/s | 897 s | 949 s | 1111 s | 1290 s |
7.9 m/s | 716 s | 839 s | 977 s | 1055 s |
Wind Speed | Outdoor Temperature | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
−10 °C | 0 °C | 10 °C | 20 °C | |
1.5 m/s | 759 s | 821 s | 876 s | 925 s |
3.3 m/s | 656 s | 701 s | 725 s | 752 s |
5.4 m/s | 379 s | 381 s | 396 s | 384 s |
7.9 m/s | 280 s | 272 s | 273 s | 275 s |
Wind Speed | Outdoor Temperature | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
−10 °C | 0 °C | 10 °C | 20 °C | |
1.5 m/s | 945 s | 1087 s | 1205 s | 1418 s |
3.3 m/s | 862 s | 1045 s | 1113 s | 1267 s |
5.4 m/s | 801 s | 953 s | 1074 s | 1098 s |
7.9 m/s | 768 s | 796 s | 825 s | 851 s |
Wind Direction | Outside Air Temperature | Wind Speed | Data Graph | The Value of ‘t’ (Equation (22)) | The Ratio of Carbon Dioxide Concentration Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S | 6 °C | 2.2 m/s | Figure 12a | 30 min | 72.0% |
S | 10 °C | 1.7 m/s | Figure 12b | 35 min | 79.9% |
SW | 14 °C | 3.8 m/s | Figure 12c | 15 min | 77.1% |
SW | 8 °C | 1.7 m/s | Figure 12d | 19 min | 81.1% |
W | 4 °C | 1.9 m/s | Figure 12e | 25 min | 71.1% |
W | 12 °C | 1.8 m/s | Figure 12f | 31 min | 74.8% |
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Cheng, Y.; Yang, M.; Xie, S.; Liu, J.; Zheng, S. Research on the Impact of Air Temperature and Wind Speed on Ventilation in University Dormitories under Different Wind Directions (Northeast China). Buildings 2024, 14, 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020361
Cheng Y, Yang M, Xie S, Liu J, Zheng S. Research on the Impact of Air Temperature and Wind Speed on Ventilation in University Dormitories under Different Wind Directions (Northeast China). Buildings. 2024; 14(2):361. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020361
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Yanzhe, Mingxin Yang, Songgao Xie, Jiaqi Liu, and Sheng Zheng. 2024. "Research on the Impact of Air Temperature and Wind Speed on Ventilation in University Dormitories under Different Wind Directions (Northeast China)" Buildings 14, no. 2: 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020361