Spatial Silhouette: A Study on the Creation Strategy of Strong Bamboo Architecture with “Negative Space” as the Main Feature—A Case Study of Phu Quoc Island Visitor Centre, Vietnam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- The connection between the concept of strong structure and bamboo architectural design;
- (2)
- The creation strategy of the bamboo structure to shape the negative space of the building.
2. Synopsis of Strong Structure Ideas and Associated Theories in Bamboo Building
2.1. Background and Related Overview of Strong Structure Ideas
2.2. Overview of Bamboo Architecture Creation with a Focus on Structural Engagement
- (1)
- Vector action structural system:
- (2)
- Morphological structure system:
- (3)
- Structural system of surface interaction:
2.3. Spatial Presentation of Bamboo Architecture under the Concept of Strong Structure
- (1)
- Analysis of the correlation between bamboo architectural design and the strong structure concept (Figure 4).
- Pay attention to the visual expression of the structure; this is where the primary focus of the strong structure concept. Bamboo architecture is a unique form of building. A building’s texture, shape, and joining method can give it a unique visual identity made of bamboo materials.
- Be mindful of how structure affects space; the idea of strong structure explores people’s perceptions of space and centers on how structure shapes space. The architectural style of bamboo buildings also reflects it. Architects intentionally convey the rich features of the bamboo building structure by actively taking on the function of the structure rather than passively adjusting to its strength.
- Be mindful of how structure expresses itself spiritually; the idea of strong structure explores how structural ambiguity is expressed and influences how people perceive rich spaces through structural design [29]. Bamboo architectural design is in line with the idea of “strong structure”, since it places a high emphasis on spatial experience. It also aims to create a unique spatial environment by closely integrating structure, space, and concept [30].
- (2)
- Bamboo architectural design, where structure and space work together under the concept of strong structure.
- Intervention of bamboo in a linear shape
- Bamboo in a curved shape.
- Participation of Straight and Curved Bamboo Materials
3. Case Overview and Analysis of Creative Methods
3.1. Synopsis of the Case
- (1)
- Creative background
- (2)
- Architectural design concept
3.2. Case Analysis
- (1)
- Analysis of space operation methods
- Architectural negative space prototype: molded negative space
- Space and the source of space form
- A lotus-shaped area. The lotus, the national flower of Vietnam, served as the model for the building’s shape. It is incorporated into the structure as a domed area that is covered in bamboo. The overall spatial form is similar to Paris’s Pantheon. People are profoundly affected by the interplay of light and shadow, despite variations in spatial scale.
- A bronze chamber was formed like a drum. The National Museum of Vietnam History currently houses the Ngoc Lou Bronze Drum, a national asset of Vietnam classified under the Dong Son Culture. Its shape is inward-shrinking in the middle, with a huge top and little bottom. This picture served as the inspiration for the building’s spatial form. The lower chamber retracts, while the top is also shaped like a dome. People interpret space and visual sensations differently because of the distinct overall shape of the place.
- A pointed area, shaped like a coupon. This area assumes the form of a sharp arch. At first, it was thought that the pointed arch found in Western classical architecture served as the inspiration. It is not at all like the latter in terms of its mechanical load-bearing or building techniques, yet people are drawn to it because of the pointed arch’s continuous design.
- (2)
- Logical analysis of material construction
- Structural Types and Structural Units
- Grid structure
- b.
- Ribbed ring dome structure under the spatial structure system
- Construct nodes
4. Discussion: Architectural Design Strategies for Shaping Negative Space with Bamboo Structural Participation
- First strategy: a poetic account of bamboo which fully emphasizes its artistic and technical beauty.
- Second strategy: Geometric techniques are used to translate and express the real and virtual spaces as they coexist.
- Third strategy: make use of distinctive structural forms and look to nature and tradition for inspiration.
- Fourth strategy: Create a rich sensory experience and use space to convey a spiritual message.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Building Materials | Material Characteristics | Design Standard | Maximum Span of Structure | Representative Cases | Structural Features |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel | High strength, good plastic toughness, excellent weldability and assemblability, and poor fire and corrosion resistance. | Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-22) | No fixed limits, subject to overall structural design | a. Sendai Mediatheque | Special-shaped structural columns dominate the space |
Concrete | High strength, durability, cost-effectiveness and malleability | American Concrete Institute. (2017). ACI 318-2017: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute. | No fixed limits, subject to overall structural design | b. Tama Art University Library | Continuous arch structure under a floating grid system. |
timber | Natural, environmentally friendly, renewable, lightweight and with excellent thermal insulation properties, as well as good visual and tactile effects. | ANSI/AWC NDS National Design Specification for Wood Structures | Wooden houses: approx. 12–18 m Large span glued laminated timber structures: approx. 40 m CLT cross-laminated timber frame: up to 60 m | c. Nine Bridges Country Club | Hexagonal mesh roof structure |
bamboo | Fast-growing, highly renewable, environmentally friendly, low-carbon and with a high strength-to-weight ratio, it excels especially in earthquake resistance and energy efficiency, but requires high weather resistance and fire treatment. | ISO22156:2021—Bamboo structures—Bamboo culms—Structural [21] | Bamboo buildings: around 20–30 m | d. Roc Von Restaurant | Bamboo woven into 12 giant structural columns |
Structural System | Mechanical Characteristic | Structure Type | Representative Case | Space Features |
---|---|---|---|---|
Structural system of vector action | A vector-acting structural system is a structural system in which forces are decomposed and transmitted in different space vector directions by means of linear structural members. | Rectangular trusses | JiuFeng Village Hall | A large space without columns, separated by the ambiguous bamboo pole interface. |
triangle truss | The Nomadic Museum | The linear display of the bamboo structural units is an enhancement of the interior space. | ||
arch truss | Panyaden International School Gymnasium | The establishment of the arch truss structure creates a large interior domed space. | ||
Structural systems under morphological action | Single stress structural systems, where the members of the structure are subjected to only one single stress, such as pressure and tension. | Bamboo Arch Structure | International Bamboo and Rattan Pavilion at the Beijing World Expo | Large span column-free space. |
Bamboo cantilever structure | Wings of Bamboo | Feathery structures create distinctive gable spaces. | ||
bamboo pillar arch | Naman Retreat Conference Hall | A linear array of repeating bamboo arch structures creates two different sized spaces, the main use space and the colonnade space. | ||
Structural systems under surface action | The members of a structural system under surface action are mainly subjected to film stresses, and the members of the structure are wrapped around each other to resist the tensile and thrust forces in the structure. | Gabion net structure | Yangshuo Bamboo Pavilion | Forming flowing spatial forms through gabion weaving. |
Bamboo pole woven mesh shell structure | ZCB Bamboo Pavilion, Hong Kong | The arched mesh structure forms a public event space. |
Curved Bamboo Intervenes as a Structural Element | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rectilinear Bamboo Intervenes as a Structural Element | Structural Intervention Modus Operandi | Representative Case | Case Location | Architectural Style | Structure Type |
① Linear elements (columns) | Rectilinear bamboo assembled into a column | Sanlo Restaurant | Vietnam | Regionalism | Building systems under vector action |
He louxuan | Shanghai, China | Modern regionalism | Building systems under vector action | ||
Catuçaba Art Gallery | Brazilian | Portuguese style colonial farmhouse style buildings | Building systems under vector action | ||
Handmade School | Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan) | Traditional regionalism | Building systems under vector action | ||
② Faceted elements | Linear bamboo repeatedly constructed in a 2D plane | bamboo house | Beijing, China | Naturalism (philosophy) | Decorative structures |
Soe Ker Tie House | Thailand | Regionalism, low-technology | Decorative structures | ||
Mason Lane Farm | Goshen, KY, United States | Low-technology | Decorative structures | ||
③ Block elements | Additive-linear repetitive construction of bamboo components in a 3D space | German–Chinese Peer House | Hangzhou, China (current location) | Modernism | Vector building structural systems |
Curved Bamboo Intervenes as a Structural Element | Curvilinear Structure Intervenes in the Way of Operation | Representative Case | Case Location | Architectural Style | Structure Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
① Linear elements (columns) | Curve-shaped woven bamboo columns limit space | Kontum Indochina Café | Vietnam | Regionalism | Structural systems under morphological action |
Bathroom Pavillion Flor de Babmú | Mexico | Structural geometrics (physics) | Structural systems under morphological action | ||
② Faceted elements | Curves woven into overall spatial form (Geometric/Biological) | THE ARC | Indonesia | Low-technology | hyperbolic parabolic structure |
Pavilion Of Clouds | Beijing, China | Green low technology | Structural systems under surface action | ||
LUUM temple | Mexico | Naturalism (philosophy) | Structural systems under surface action | ||
③ Block elements | Addition (geometric) | Xiamen Vocano Island_Nhà hang | Xiamen, China | Structuralism | Structural systems under morphological action |
Sen Village Community Center | Vietnam | Naturalism (Philosophy) | Structural systems under morphological action |
Operating Method | Representative Case | Case Location | Architectural Style | Structure Type | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Combination of straight and curved lines | Subtraction (negative space) | Phu Quoc Island Visitor Centre, Vietnam | Vietnam | Regionalism | Structure combination |
Interspersed nesting | Bamboo Forest | Japan | Naturalism (philosophy) |
Molded negative space operation method |
Positive and negative shapes in sections and planes |
Constructive Logic Analysis | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of structural system | structural unit | combinatorial approach | final form | structural span (m) | ||
① Network structure system | Linear array | 33 m | ||||
② Dome structure system | Rotating array | 14 m | ||||
③ Space structure system | Rotating array | 8.5 m |
Cupola | Pinnacle | Chequered Network | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nodal | |||||
cupola | ① | ② | ③ | ||
④ | |||||
pinnacle | ① | ② | ③ | ||
chequered network | ① | ② | ③ |
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Li, C.; Ma, J.; Gao, X. Spatial Silhouette: A Study on the Creation Strategy of Strong Bamboo Architecture with “Negative Space” as the Main Feature—A Case Study of Phu Quoc Island Visitor Centre, Vietnam. Buildings 2024, 14, 1172. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041172
Li C, Ma J, Gao X. Spatial Silhouette: A Study on the Creation Strategy of Strong Bamboo Architecture with “Negative Space” as the Main Feature—A Case Study of Phu Quoc Island Visitor Centre, Vietnam. Buildings. 2024; 14(4):1172. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041172
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Chaoxian, Jiaojiao Ma, and Xiaoming Gao. 2024. "Spatial Silhouette: A Study on the Creation Strategy of Strong Bamboo Architecture with “Negative Space” as the Main Feature—A Case Study of Phu Quoc Island Visitor Centre, Vietnam" Buildings 14, no. 4: 1172. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041172