Compression and Splitting Tensile Strength Model of Recycled Seawater and Sea Sand Concrete after Seawater Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Concrete Production and Testing Process
2.1. Concrete Production
2.2. Testing Process
3. Results
3.1. Surface of Specimens after SFT
3.2. Relative Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity and Mass Loss Rate
3.3. Compression Destructive State and Strength
3.4. Splitting Tensile Destructive State and Strength
4. Microstructure Analysis
4.1. SEM Observation Results
4.2. XRD Results
5. Mechanical Model of Compression Strength and Splitting Tensile Strength
5.1. Compression Strength Model
5.2. Splitting Tensile Strength Model
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- As the SFT cycles increase, the surface, compression destructive state, and splitting tensile destructive state of SSC specimens with varying brick coarse aggregate replacement rates show an increasingly brittle trend, which is related to the high water absorption rate of brick coarse aggregates and insufficient bonding force in the interface transition zone between old and new mortar.
- (2)
- As the SFT cycles increase, the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, compression strength, and splitting tensile strength of SSC specimens with varying brick coarse aggregate replacement rates show a linear decrease trend. In contrast, the mass loss rate shows a linear increase trend. Moreover, the changing pattern of specimens with added brick coarse aggregates is more evident than that of specimens with natural aggregates. Adding brick coarse aggregates to concrete significantly impacts mechanical performance after SFT cycles compared to the replacement rate of brick coarse aggregates.
- (3)
- The chloride and sulfate ions in the internal SSC and external FT media of seawater react with cement to form Friedel’s salts without cementitious properties, as well as expansive ettringite and gypsum crystals. The formation of these harmful crystals causes the microstructure to loosen, especially in the interface area between brick aggregate and cement. FT also connects the internal pores of concrete, generating cracks, which provides convenience for the entry of seawater. The entry of seawater also increases the amount of harmful crystals generated, exacerbating the cracks and damage to concrete, making it easier for seawater to enter, thereby promoting the harm of FT. The SFT failure of SSC is the combined effect of physical FT and harmful chemical crystals.
- (4)
- The calculation results of the compression strength and splitting tensile strength models of SSC with different brick replacement rates established in this article are in good agreement with the test results, which can provide a theoretical reference for the performance of SSC with brick coarse aggregates in cold areas.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Apparent Density (kg/m3) | Setting Time (min) | Soundness | 28d-Compression Strength (MPa) | Bending Strength (MPa) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial | Final | ||||
3184 | 195 | 320 | fine | 52.4 | 10.3 |
Apparent Density (g/cm3) | Bulk Density (g/cm3) | Fineness Modulus | Clay (%) | Chloride (%) | Shell (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.68 | 1.63 | 2.6 | 0.64 | 0.227 | 1.95 |
Coarse Aggregates | Particle Size Range (mm) | Apparent Density (g/cm3) | Bulk Density (g/cm3) | Water Absorption Rate (%) | Clay (%) | Crushing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stones | 5~25 | 2.87 | 1.75 | 0.81 | 0.53 | 4.2 |
Brick | 5~25 | 2.34 | 1.14 | 14.32 | 1.44 | 23.6 |
Composition | NaCl | MgCl2 | Na2SO4 | CaCl2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Concrete (g) | 24.53 | 5.20 | 4.09 | 1.16 |
W/C | Brick Coarse Aggregate Substitution Rate (%) | Seawater | Cement | Sea Sand | Natural Stones | Brick Coarse Aggregate | Superplasticizer Content (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.56 | 0 | 210 | 375 | 762 | 1053 | 0 | 0.5% |
0.56 | 20 | 210 | 375 | 762 | 842.4 | 210.6 | 0.5% |
0.56 | 40 | 210 | 375 | 762 | 631.8 | 421.2 | 0.5% |
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Tan, Z.; Yang, D. Compression and Splitting Tensile Strength Model of Recycled Seawater and Sea Sand Concrete after Seawater Freeze–Thaw Cycles. Buildings 2024, 14, 1671. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061671
Tan Z, Yang D. Compression and Splitting Tensile Strength Model of Recycled Seawater and Sea Sand Concrete after Seawater Freeze–Thaw Cycles. Buildings. 2024; 14(6):1671. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061671
Chicago/Turabian StyleTan, Zhenyu, and Deqiang Yang. 2024. "Compression and Splitting Tensile Strength Model of Recycled Seawater and Sea Sand Concrete after Seawater Freeze–Thaw Cycles" Buildings 14, no. 6: 1671. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061671