Can Smart City Construction Promote Urban Green and High-Quality Development?—Validation Analysis from 156 Cities in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Smart City Construction
2.2. Urban Green and High-Quality Development
2.3. Smart City Construction and Urban Green High-Quality Development
3. Analysis of Theoretical Mechanisms and Research Hypotheses
4. Variables and Model Construction
4.1. Description of Variables
- (1)
- Explained variable: the level of urban green high-quality development (h).
- (2)
- Adjustment variables.
- (3)
- Control variables.
4.2. Model Establishment
4.3. Data Sources and Descriptive Statistics
5. Results Analysis
5.1. Benchmark Regression Analysis
5.2. Analysis Based on PSM-DID
5.3. Moderating Effect Test
5.4. Robustness Tests
- (1)
- Parallel trend test.
- (2)
- Transforming the treatment group.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Sample Size | Mean | Standard Deviation | Minimum | Maximum | Data Computation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level of urban green high-quality development (h) | 2184 | 0.235 | 0.064 | 0.062 | 0.787 | |
Financial development level (Y) | 2184 | 0.842 | 0.545 | 0.181 | 9.622 | Loan balance of financial institutions/regional GDP |
Consumption demand (Z) | 2184 | 0.367 | 0.112 | 0.001 | 1.013 | Total retail sales of consumer goods/regional GDP |
Opening-up level (G) | 2184 | 0.016 | 0.019 | 0.001 | 0.199 | Foreign investment actually used/regional GDP |
Industrial structure development (U) | 2184 | 0.899 | 0.509 | 0.188 | 4.946 | Value added of the tertiary industry/value added of the secondary industry |
Urbanization level (X) | 2184 | 49.067 | 14.852 | 16.69 | 95.16 | Urban resident population/total resident population |
Financial and scientific investment (W) | 2184 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.063 | Science expenditure in the general budgetary expenditure/regional GDP |
Variables | (1)h | (2)h | (3)h |
---|---|---|---|
did | 0.029 *** | 0.035 *** | 0.037 *** |
(8.93) | (13.15) | (4.78) | |
lnX | 0.099 *** | 0.238 *** | |
(16.02) | (8.82) | ||
Y | 0.007 *** | 0.062 *** | |
(3.61) | (7.56) | ||
Z | 0.025 ** | ||
(2.31) | |||
U | 0.041 *** | ||
(16.28) | |||
G | −0.158 *** | −0.941 *** | |
(−3.24) | (−5.43) | ||
W | 6.588 *** | ||
(6.19) | |||
Constant | 0.197 *** | −0.216 *** | −0.790 *** |
(189.34) | (−9.40) | (−7.49) | |
City fixed effect | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year fixed effect | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Observations | 1988 | 1988 | 1392 |
Number of id | 142 | 142 | 92 |
R-squared | 0.568 | 0.716 | 0.735 |
Variables | Unmatched Matched | Mean | % Bias | % Reduction |Bias| | t-Test | V(T)/ V(C) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treated | Control | t | P > |t| | |||||
lnX | U | 4.094 | 3.8141 | 99.1 | 13.90 | 0.000 | 0.70 * | |
M | 4.094 | 4.1122 | −6.4 | 93.5 | −0.80 | 0.424 | 0.99 | |
Y | U | 1.0728 | 0.81346 | 46.6 | 6.94 | 0.000 | 0.99 | |
M | 1.0728 | 1.0135 | 10.6 | 77.1 | 0.97 | 0.334 | 0.47 * | |
Z | U | 0.37417 | 0.36953 | 4.3 | 0.62 | 0.538 | 0.81 | |
M | 0.37417 | 0.37218 | 1.8 | 57.1 | 0.20 | 0.839 | 0.75 * | |
G | U | 0.02453 | 0.01536 | 48.5 | 7.28 | 0.000 | 1.02 | |
M | 0.02453 | 0.02492 | −2.1 | 95.7 | −0.19 | 0.852 | 0.46 * | |
U | U | 0.87186 | 0.902 | −7.0 | −0.91 | 0.361 | 0.43 * | |
M | 0.87186 | 0.83048 | 9.6 | −37.3 | 1.42 | 0.157 | 1.05 | |
W | U | 0.00386 | 0.00183 | 69.3 | 12.08 | 0.000 | 2.11 * | |
M | 0.00386 | 0.00331 | 18.7 | 73.0 | 1.71 | 0.888 | 0.79 |
(1) | (1) | |
---|---|---|
Variable | h | h |
did | 0.033 *** | 0.018 *** |
(12.36) | (4.94) | |
W | 2.023 *** | 1.362 *** |
(7.33) | (4.66) | |
didW | 4.179 *** | |
(6.37) | ||
lnX | 0.097 *** | 0.098 *** |
(15.93) | (16.33) | |
Y | 0.006 *** | 0.006 *** |
(3.29) | (3.10) | |
Z | 0.025 ** | 0.027 ** |
(2.31) | (2.58) | |
U | 0.042 *** | 0.041 *** |
(16.63) | (16.49) | |
G | −0.156 *** | −0.158 *** |
(−3.23) | (−3.31) | |
Constant | −0.211 *** | −0.216 *** |
(−9.34) | (−9.64) | |
City fixed effect | Yes | Yes |
Year fixed effect | Yes | Yes |
Observations | 1988 | 1988 |
Number of id | 142 | 142 |
R-squared | 0.724 | 0.730 |
Variables | h |
---|---|
did | 0.000 |
(0.03) | |
lnX | 0.091 *** |
(14.15) | |
Y | 0.006 *** |
(3.16) | |
Z | 0.018 |
(1.60) | |
U | 0.043 *** |
(16.00) | |
G | −0.143 *** |
(−2.79) | |
Constant | −0.184 *** |
(−7.73) | |
City fixed effect | Yes |
Year fixed effect | Yes |
Observations | 1988 |
Number of id | 142 |
R-squared | 0.689 |
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Li, S.; Wang, R. Can Smart City Construction Promote Urban Green and High-Quality Development?—Validation Analysis from 156 Cities in China. Buildings 2024, 14, 2500. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082500
Li S, Wang R. Can Smart City Construction Promote Urban Green and High-Quality Development?—Validation Analysis from 156 Cities in China. Buildings. 2024; 14(8):2500. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082500
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Shilong, and Rui Wang. 2024. "Can Smart City Construction Promote Urban Green and High-Quality Development?—Validation Analysis from 156 Cities in China" Buildings 14, no. 8: 2500. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082500