Assessment of the Influence of Contracting Models on the Well-Being of Construction Workers in the Brazilian Amazon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Framework
2.1. Workplace Well-Being
2.2. Temporary Labor on Civil Construction
3. Methods
3.1. Research Object
3.2. Data Collect
3.2.1. Commitment
3.2.2. Engagement
3.2.3. Satisfaction
3.3. Data Analysis
3.4. Application Site
4. Results
4.1. Participants’ Characteristics
4.2. Descriptive Analysis of the Questionnaire
4.3. Associations between Individual Variables
4.4. Regression Analysis for Well-Being at Work Dimensions
5. Discussion
5.1. Influence of Contract Model on Well-Being at Work
5.1.1. Current Legislation of Construction Sector
5.1.2. Occupational Characteristics of Construction Sector
5.2. Influence of the Engagement Dimension on Well-Being at Work
5.3. Influence of the Commitment Dimension on Well-Being at Work
5.4. Influence of the Satisfaction Dimension on Well-Being at Work
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Quinlan, M.; Mayhew, C. Precarious Employment and Workers’ Compensation. Int. J. Law Psychiatry 1999, 22, 491–520. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haile, G.A. Precarious Employment and Workplace Health Outcomes in Britain. Soc. Sci. Med. 2023, 320, 115694. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vosko, L.F. Managing the Margins: Gender, Citizenship, and the International Regulation of Precarious Employment; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2009; ISBN 978-0-19-172208-0. [Google Scholar]
- Julià, M.; Vives, A.; Tarafa, G.; Benach, J. Changing the Way We Understand Precarious Employment and Health: Precarisation Affects the Entire Salaried Population. Saf. Sci. 2017, 100, 66–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rönnblad, T.; Grönholm, E.; Jonsson, J.; Koranyi, I.; Orellana, C.; Kreshpaj, B.; Chen, L.; Stockfelt, L.; Bodin, T. Precarious Employment and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health 2019, 45, 429–443. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Linev, I. Outsourcing in the Construction Industry. Proc. Voronezh State Univ. Eng. Technol. 2016, 4, 453–459. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, G.; Yan, Z.; Chen, J.; Li, Q. Building Information Modeling (BIM) Outsourcing Decisions of Contractors in the Construction Industry: Constructing and Validating a Conceptual Model. Dev. Built Environ. 2022, 12, 100090. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gunasekaran, A.; Irani, Z.; Choy, K.-L.; Filippi, L.; Papadopoulos, T. Performance Measures and Metrics in Outsourcing Decisions: A Review for Research and Applications. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 2015, 161, 153–166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Benach, J.; Vives, A.; Amable, M.; Vanroelen, C.; Tarafa, G.; Muntaner, C. Precarious Employment: Understanding an Emerging Social Determinant of Health. Annu. Rev. Public. Health 2014, 35, 229–253. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jaydarifard, S.; Smith, S.S.; Rossa, K.R.; Mann, D.; Nikooharf Salehi, E.; Shekari Soleimanloo, S. Sleep Mediates the Relationship between Precarious Employment and Mental Health. Sleep Med. X 2023, 6, 100092. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ramírez-González, D.M.; Zamora-Macorra, M.; García, C.I.A. Association between Precarious Employment and Disability in Adults over 50 Years of Age in Mexico. Rev. Colomb. Psiquiatr. 2023; in press. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Valluru, C.T.; Dekker, S.; Rae, A. How and Why Do Subcontractors Experience Different Safety on High-Risk Work Sites? Cogn. Technol. Work. 2017, 19, 785–794. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- DIEESE—Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos. Boletim Trabalho e Construção—Região Metropolitana de São Paulo; DIEESE: São Paulo, Brazil, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- DIEESE—Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos. A Construção Civil e Os Trabalhadores: Panorama Dos Anos Recentes; DIEESE: São Paulo, Brazil, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Langdon, R.R.; Sawang, S. Construction Workers’ Well-Being: What Leads to Depression, Anxiety, and Stress? J. Constr. Eng. Manag. 2018, 144, 04017100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jebelli, H.; Hwang, S.; Lee, S. EEG-Based Workers’ Stress Recognition at Construction Sites. Autom. Constr. 2018, 93, 315–324. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Z.; Zhu, J. Why Workers’ Turnover Is so High: Managed Flexibility and the Intermediary Chain of China’s Migrant Labor Market. J. Chin. Sociol. 2020, 7, 8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Silva Filho, L.A. Labour Market and Turnover in the Industrial Employment in the Brazilian Northeast Region. Investig. Econ. 2016, 75, 203–230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Agudelo-Suárez, A.A.; Vargas-Valencia, M.Y.; Vahos-Arias, J.; Ariza-Sosa, G.; Rojas-Gutiérrez, W.J.; Ronda-Pérez, E. Precarious Employment and Health: A Qualitative Study in Venezuelan Immigrant Population in Colombia. J. Migr. Health 2020, 1–2, 100009. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- García-Pérez, C.; Prieto-Alaiz, M.; Simón, H. Multidimensional Measurement of Precarious Employment Using Hedonic Weights: Evidence from Spain. J. Bus. Res. 2020, 113, 348–359. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Santana, W.; Moreira, F.; Maués, L.M.; Nery, L.M.; Silva, J. Factors Affecting the Well-Being at Work and Risk Perception of Construction Workers: A Validated Interpretative Structural Modeling (VISM) Approach. Buildings 2023, 13, 2906. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rani, H.A.; Radzi, A.R.; Alias, A.R.; Almutairi, S.; Rahman, R.A. Factors Affecting Workplace Well-Being: Building Construction Projects. Buildings 2022, 12, 910. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Miao, R.; Cao, Y. High-Performance Work System, Work Well-Being, and Employee Creativity: Cross-Level Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1640. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Salvador-Carulla, L.; Lucas, R.; Ayuso-Mateos, J.L.; Miret, M. Use of the Terms “Wellbeing” and “Quality of Life” in Health Sciences: A Conceptual Framework. Eur. J. Psychiatry 2014, 28, 50–65. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khalid, A.; Syed, J. Mental Health and Well-Being at Work: A Systematic Review of Literature and Directions for Future Research. Hum. Resour. Manag. Rev. 2024, 34, 100998. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matias, S.M.M.; Virginia, O.; José, M.P. Bem-estar no trabalho. In Novas Medidas do Comportamento Organizacional: Ferramentas de Diagnóstico e de Gestão; Artmed Editora: Porto Alegre, Brazil, 2014; ISBN 978-85-8271-022-7. [Google Scholar]
- Kesebir, P. Scientific Answers to the Timeless Philosophical Question of Happiness. In Handbook of Well-Being; DEF Publishers: Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Lyubomirsky, S.; King, L.; Diener, E. The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success? Psychol. Bull. 2005, 131, 803–855. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huta, V.; Waterman, A.S. Eudaimonia and Its Distinction from Hedonia: Developing a Classification and Terminology for Understanding Conceptual and Operational Definitions. J. Happiness Stud. 2014, 15, 1425–1456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Costa, T.; Suardi, A.C.; Diano, M.; Cauda, F.; Duca, S.; Rusconi, M.L.; Sotgiu, I. The Neural Correlates of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Happiness: An fMRI Study. Neurosci. Lett. 2019, 712, 134491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dambrun, M.; Ricard, M.; Després, G.; Drelon, E.; Gibelin, E.; Gibelin, M.; Loubeyre, M.; Py, D.; Delpy, A.; Garibbo, C.; et al. Measuring Happiness: From Fluctuating Happiness to Authentic–Durable Happiness. Front. Psychol. 2012, 3, 16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sant’anna, L.L.; Paschoal, T.; Gosendo, E.E.M. Bem-estar no trabalho: Relações com estilos de liderança e suporte para ascensão, promoção e salários. Rev. Adm. Contemp. 2012, 16, 744–764. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ryan, R.M.; Deci, E.L. On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2001, 52, 141–166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smith, P.C.; Kendall, L.M.; Hulin, C.L. The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement: A Strategy for the Study of Attitudes; Rand McNally: Chicago, IL, USA, 1969. [Google Scholar]
- Clegg, C.W.; Wall, T.D. A Note on Some New Scales for Measuring Aspects of Psychological Well-Being at Work. J. Occup. Psychol. 1981, 54, 221–225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Daniels, K. Measures of Five Aspects of Affective Well-Being at Work. Hum. Relat. 2000, 53, 275–294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Siqueira, M.M.M.; Padovam, V.A.R. Bases teóricas de bem-estar subjetivo, bem-estar psicológico e bem-estar no trabalho. Psicol. Teor. Pesqui. 2008, 24, 201–209. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Filinich, N.R. El capitalismo y el rechazo de los límites: El caso ejemplar del taylorismo y el fordismo. Acta Sociol. 2016, 69, 17–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pamidimukkala, A.; Kermanshachi, S. Impact of COVID-19 on Field and Office Workforce in Construction Industry. Proj. Leadersh. Soc. 2021, 2, 100018. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Papagiannidis, S.; Harris, J.; Morton, D. WHO Led the Digital Transformation of Your Company? A Reflection of IT Related Challenges during the Pandemic. Int. J. Inf. Manag. 2020, 55, 102166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pantaleão, P.d.F.; Veiga, H.M.d.S. Welfare at work: A systematic review of national literature in the last decade. HOLOS 2019, 5, 1–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Paschoal, T.; Tamayo, A. Construção e validação da Escala de bem-estar no trabalho. Aval. Psicol. 2008, 7, 11–22. [Google Scholar]
- Sirgy, M.J.; Lee, D.-J.; Park, S.; Joshanloo, M.; Kim, M. Work–Family Spillover and Subjective Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Coping Strategies. J. Happiness Stud. 2020, 21, 2909–2929. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smith, A.; Smith, H. An International Survey of the Wellbeing of Employees in the Business Process Outsourcing Industry. Psychology 2016, 8, 160–167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Locke, E.A. The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction. In Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology; Dunnette, M.D., Ed.; Rand McNally College Publishing Company: Chicago, IL, USA, 1976; pp. 1297–1343. ISBN 978-0-528-62912-9. [Google Scholar]
- Van Horn, J.E.; Taris, T.W.; Schaufeli, W.B.; Schreurs, P.J.G. The Structure of Occupational Well-being: A Study among Dutch Teachers. J. Occup. Organ. Psychol. 2004, 77, 365–375. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Souto, S.D.O.; Rego, J.A. Como as Percepções de Espírito de Camaradagem Explicam a Felicidade Dos Colaboradores: O Papel Moderador Da Necessidade de Pertença. In Proceedings of the Anais do XXXI ENANPAD, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22–26 September 2007; Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração: Maringá, Brazil, 2007; Volume 1, p. 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Paz, M. das G.T. Poder e Saúde Organizacional. In Cultura e Saúde nas Organizações; Artmed Editora: Porto Alegre, Brain, 2004; pp. 127–154. [Google Scholar]
- Collange, J.; Gaucher, R.; George, M.; Saunder, L.; Albert, E. Mesurer Le Bien-Être Au Travail: Construction et Validation Factorielle Du BET. Arch. Mal. Prof. Environ. 2017, 78, 27–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Siqueira, M.M.M. Antecedentes de Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional: A Análise de Um Modelo Pós-Cognitivo. Ph.D. Thesis, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil, 1995. [Google Scholar]
- Romadona, M.R. The Role of Organization-Based Self-esteem and Organizational Communication toward Job Involvement in Research Center Organization. J. Pekommas 2018, 3, 191–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pierce, J.L.; Gardner, D.G.; Cummings, L.L.; Dunham, R.B. Organization-Based Self-Esteem: Construct Definition, Measurement, and Validation. Acad. Manag. J. 1989, 32, 622–648. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pierce, J.L.; Gardner, D.G. Relationships of Personality and Job Characteristics with Organization-based Self-esteem. J. Manag. Psychol. 2009, 24, 392–409. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kao, K.-Y.; Hsu, H.-H.; Thomas, C.L.; Cheng, Y.-C.; Lin, M.-T.; Li, H.-F. Motivating Employees to Speak up: Linking Job Autonomy, P-O Fit, and Employee Voice Behaviors through Work Engagement. Curr. Psychol. 2022, 41, 7762–7776. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Imam, H. Roles of Shared Leadership, Autonomy, and Knowledge Sharing in Construction Project Success. J. Constr. Eng. Manag. 2021, 147, 04021067. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ryan, R.M.; Deci, E.L. Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness; Guilford Publications: New York, NY, USA, 2018; ISBN 978-1-4625-3896-6. [Google Scholar]
- Brandli, L.L.; Martignago, G.; Heineck, L.F.M.; Cristiano, J.C. Estratégias de Terceirização e Subcontratação Na Construção Civil. Encontro Nac. Eng. Produção 1999, 19. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Luciana-Brandli-2/publication/267964774_ESTRATEGIAS_DE_TERCEIRIZACAO_E_SUBCONTRATACAO_NA_CONSTRUCAO_CIVIL/links/54d8b2410cf25013d03eb3e2/ESTRATEGIAS-DE-TERCEIRIZACAO-E-SUBCONTRATACAO-NA-CONSTRUCAO-CIVIL.pdf (accessed on 24 June 2024).
- Almeida, F.J.; Guarnieri, P.; Serrano, A.L.M.; Sobreiro, V.A. Análise de Decisão Sobre Terceirização: Um Estudo Na Indústria Da Construção Civil Residencial. Rev. Adm. Contab. Econ. Fund. 2014, 5. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andre-Serrano-2/publication/277921247_Analise_de_Decisao_Sobre_Terceirizacao_Um_Estudo_na_Industria_da_Construcao_Civil_Residencial/links/5757021708ae05c1ec16ccb8/Analise-de-Decisao-Sobre-Terceirizacao-Um-Estudo-na-Industria-da-Construcao-Civil-Residencial.pdf (accessed on 24 June 2024). [CrossRef]
- Souza, R.S. Terceirização e Precarização Laboral Na Construção Civil Na Grande Vitória (ES). An. Encontro Int. Nac. Política Soc. 2020, 1. Available online: https://periodicos.ufes.br/einps/article/view/33196 (accessed on 24 June 2024).
- Davis-Blake, A.; Broschak, J.P. Outsourcing and the Changing Nature of Work. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 2009, 35, 321–340. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Williamson, O.E. Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications: A Study in the Economics of Internal Organization; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship; The Free Press: Los Angeles, CA, USA, 1975. [Google Scholar]
- Poulissen, D.; De Grip, A.; Fouarge, D.; Künn-Nelen, A. Employers’ Willingness to Invest in the Training of Temporary versus Permanent Workers: A Discrete Choice Experiment. Labour Econ. 2023, 84, 102430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Filho, H.M.P.; Filho, H.L.d.L. Terceirização Trabalhista E A Construção Civil. Rev. Direito Trab. Meio Ambiente Trab. 2016, 2, 209–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chernysh, I.; Glebova, A.; Maksymenko, O. Business Processes Outsourcing in Building Enterprises. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 2018, 7, 59–64. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Confederação Nacional das Indústrias. Sondagem Especial Terceirização; Confederação Nacional das Indústrias: São Paulo, Brazil, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Palha, R.P.; de Almeida, A.T.; Alencar, L.H. A Model for Sorting Activities to Be Outsourced in Civil Construction Based on ROR-UTADIS. Math. Probl. Eng. 2016, 2016, e9236414. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chagas, P.M.G.; de Araujo, E.S. Terceirização No Setor Da Construção Civil No Brasil e Saúde Dos Trabalhadores. In Desenvolvimento e Seus Impasses no Século XXI; CRV: Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, 2021; ISBN 978-65-5868-968-3. [Google Scholar]
- IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Available online: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/panorama (accessed on 27 June 2024).
- Dias-Abreu, H. The Influence of Sociodemographics Variables on Well-Being at Work and Resilience: A Study with Nursing Professionals. Rev. Int. Investig. Cienc. Soc. 2017, 13, 167–186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Silva, A.P.G.D.; Souza, G.H.S.D. Gestão Estratégica de Pessoas: Estudo Do Bem-Estar No Trabalho Em Uma Empresa Varejista de Móveis e Eletroeletrônicos. Res. Soc. Dev. 2023, 12, e3712239895. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- SINDUSCON-PA Boletim Econômico: O Construir 2024, Year 12, No 98. Available online: https://institucional.sindusconpa.org.br/arquivos/boletim/BOLMRC_202402.pdf (accessed on 27 June 2024).
- Siqueira, M.M.M. Bem-Estar No Trabalho. In Bem es tar e Qualidade de Vida: Contributos da Psicologia da Saúde; Textiverso: Leiria, Portugal, 2009; pp. 249–264. [Google Scholar]
- Ray, T.K.; Kenigsberg, T.A.; Pana-Cryan, R. Employment Arrangement, Job Stress, and Health-Related Quality of Life. Saf. Sci. 2017, 100, 46–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Quesnel-Vallée, A.; DeHaney, S.; Ciampi, A. Temporary Work and Depressive Symptoms: A Propensity Score Analysis. Soc. Sci. Med. 2010, 70, 1982–1987. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Coelho, D.F.B.; Ghisi, B.M. Normas Regulamentadoras Aplicadas na Construção Civil. In Acidente de Trabalho na Construção Civil em Rondônia; Blucher: Erkrath, Germany, 2016; pp. 33–48. ISBN 978-85-8039-167-1. [Google Scholar]
- Srour, I.M.; Haas, C.T.; Borcherding, J.D. What Does the Construction Industry Value in Its Workers? J. Constr. Eng. Manag. 2006, 132, 1053–1058. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Asare, B.Y.-A.; Kwasnicka, D.; Powell, D.; Robinson, S. Health and Well-Being of Rotation Workers in the Mining, Offshore Oil and Gas, and Construction Industry: A Systematic Review. BMJ Glob. Health 2021, 6, e005112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bowen, P.; Edwards, P.; Lingard, H.; Cattell, K. Predictive Modeling of Workplace Stress among Construction Professionals. J. Constr. Eng. Manag. 2014, 140, 04013055. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dantas Filho, J.B.P.; de P. Barros Neto, J.; Mourão, A.; da Rocha, A.; Luccas, A.V.; Saggin, A. Respect for People’s Well-Being: Meditation for Construction Workers. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the International, Prague, Czech Republic, 19–21 September 2018; Group for Lean Construction, IGLC: Chennai, India, 2018; pp. 1160–1169. [Google Scholar]
- Dale, G.; Rock, A.J.; Clark, G.I. Cue-Reactive Imagery Mediates the Relationships of Reward Responsiveness with Both Cue-Reactive Urge to Gamble and Positive Affect in Poker-Machine Gamblers. J. Gambl. Stud. 2020, 36, 1045–1063. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Keun Oh, T.; Jun Kwon, Y.; Oh, B.-H.; Gwon, Y.-I.; Yoon, H.-K. Suggestions for Safety Coordinator’s Roles at Each Construction Stage (Client, Designer, Supervisor, and Contractor) to Improve Safety and Health Activities in South Korea. Saf. Sci. 2021, 133, 104994. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kines, P.; Andersen, L.P.S.; Spangenberg, S.; Mikkelsen, K.L.; Dyreborg, J.; Zohar, D. Improving Construction Site Safety through Leader-Based Verbal Safety Communication. J. Saf. Res. 2010, 41, 399–406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chih, Y.-Y.; Kiazad, K.; Zhou, L.; Capezio, A.; Li, M.; Restubog, S.L. Investigating Employee Turnover in the Construction Industry: A Psychological Contract Perspective. J. Constr. Eng. Manag. 2016, 142, 04016006. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Srour, F.J.; Srour, I.; Lattouf, M.G. A Survey of Absenteeism on Construction Sites. Int. J. Manpow. 2017, 38, 533–547. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- CAGED. Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados Rotatividade Na Construção Civil. Available online: http://trabalho.gov.br/trabalhador-caged (accessed on 3 June 2022).
- Gallon, S.; Tedesco, T.; Mores, G.D.V. Causas da Rotatividade No Setor Da Construção Civil. Res. Soc. Dev. 2021, 10, e157101320829. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bass, J.M.; Sarah, B.; Razzak, M.A.; Noll, J. Employee Retention and Turnover in Global Software Development: Comparing In-House Offshoring and Offshore Outsourcing. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE/ACM 13th International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE), Gothenburg, Sweden, 27–29 May 2018; pp. 77–86. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, C.; Cao, J.; Zhang, P.; Wu, G. Investigating the Relationship between Work-To-Family Conflict, Job Burnout, Job Outcomes, and Affective Commitment in the Construction Industry. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5995. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- ILO—International Labour Organization. Social Protection for Migrant Workers: A Necessary Response to the COVID-19 Crisis. Soc. Prot. Spotlight ILO Brief 2020. Available online: https://www.ilo.org/publications/social-protection-migrant-workers-necessary-response-covid-19-crisis (accessed on 30 June 2024).
- Costa, P.L.; Passos, A.M.; Bakker, A.B. Direct and Contextual Influence of Team Conflict on Team Resources, Team Work Engagement, and Team Performance. Negot. Confl. Manag. Res. 2015, 8, 211–227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maués, L.M.F.; Santana, W.B.; Santos, P.C.D.; Neves, R.M.D.; Duarte, A.A.A.M. Construction Delays: A Case Study in the Brazilian Amazon. Ambiente Construído 2017, 17, 167–181. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Azeez, M.; Gambatese, J.; Hernandez, S. What Do Construction Workers Really Want? A Study about Representation, Importance, and Perception of US Construction Occupational Rewards. J. Constr. Eng. Manag. 2019, 145, 04019040. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cordeiro, C.C.C.; Machado, M.I.G. O Perfil Do Operário Da Indústria Da Construção Civil de Feira de Santana: Requisitos Para Uma Qualificação Profissional. Sitientibus 2002, 26, 9–29. [Google Scholar]
- Ben Ayed, A.K.; Vandenberghe, C. Engagement au travail, estime de soi organisationnelle, et satisfaction envers la carrière: Une étude prospective. Psychol. Trav. Organ. 2018, 24, 203–218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brunetto, Y.; Teo, S.T.T.; Shacklock, K.; Farr-Wharton, R. Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, Well-being and Engagement: Explaining Organisational Commitment and Turnover Intentions in Policing. Hum. Resour. Manag. J. 2012, 22, 428–441. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Herrbach, O. A Matter of Feeling? The Affective Tone of Organizational Commitment and Identification. J. Organ. Behav. 2006, 27, 629–643. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ofori, G. Nature of the Construction Industry, Its Needs and Its Development: A Review of Four Decades of Research. J. Constr. Dev. Ctries. 2015, 20, 115. [Google Scholar]
- Moreira, F.G.P.; Pereira De Oliveira, C.; Farias, C.A. Workplace Accidents and the Probabilities of Injuries Occurring in the Civil Construction Industry in Brazilian Amazon: A Descriptive and Inferential Analysis. Saf. Sci. 2024, 173, 106449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y. Perceived Organizational Support and Expatriate Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment towards the Parent Company. Pers. Rev. 2009, 38, 307–319. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Leveson, L.; Joiner, T.; Bakalis, S. Dual Commitment in the Australian Construction Industry. Asia Pac. J. Hum. Resour. 2010, 48, 302–318. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vecina, M.L.; Chacón, F. Is Engagement Different from Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment? Relations with Intention to Remain, Psychological Well-Being and Perceived Physical Health in Volunteers. An. Psicol. 2013, 29, 225–232. [Google Scholar]
- Goetz, N.; Wald, A. Similar but Different? The Influence of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Person-Job Fit on Individual Performance in the Continuum between Permanent and Temporary Organizations. Int. J. Proj. Manag. 2022, 40, 251–261. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rotimi, J.O.B.; Ramanayaka, C.D.E.; Olatunji, O.A.; Rotimi, F.E. Migrant Construction Workers’ Demography and Job Satisfaction: A New Zealand Study. Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag. 2023, 30, 1122–1145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Buckley, M.; Zendel, A.; Biggar, J.; Frederiksen, L.; Wells, J. Migrant Work & Employment in the Construction Sector; International Labour Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Construction Worker Salary in USA—Average Salary. Available online: https://www.talent.com/salary (accessed on 13 August 2024).
- Construction Salary in United Kingdom—Average Salary. Available online: https://uk.talent.com/salary (accessed on 13 August 2024).
- Card, D.; Mas, A.; Moretti, E.; Saez, E. Inequality at Work: The Effect of Peer Salaries on Job Satisfaction. Am. Econ. Rev. 2012, 102, 2981–3003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alrawahi, S.; Sellgren, S.F.; Altouby, S.; Alwahaibi, N.; Brommels, M. The Application of Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation to Job Satisfaction in Clinical Laboratories in Omani Hospitals. Heliyon 2020, 6, e04829. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Item | N | Category | Total (n = 376) % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Age | 91 | 18–29 | 24.20% |
146 | 30–40 | 38.83% | ||
88 | 41–51 | 23.40% | ||
51 | 52–67 | 13.56% | ||
2 | Gender | 372 | Male | 98.94% |
4 | Female | 1.06% | ||
3 | Number of children | 61 | None | 16.22% |
220 | 1–2 | 58.51% | ||
95 | 3+ | 25.27% | ||
4 | Educational level | 180 | Elementary school | 47.87% |
192 | High school | 51.06% | ||
4 | College | 1.06% | ||
5 | Job category | 129 | Unskilled worker | 34.31% |
247 | Skilled worker | 65.69% | ||
6 | Length of employment | 210 | Years of tenure < 1 year | 55.85% |
86 | 1 year < years of tenure < 3 years | 22.87% | ||
16 | 3 years < years of tenure < 5 years | 4.26% | ||
64 | years of tenure > 5 years | 17.02% | ||
7 | Marital status | 107 | Single | 28.46% |
115 | Married | 30.59% | ||
14 | Separated | 3.72% | ||
1 | Widowed | 0.27% | ||
138 | Domestic partnership * | 36.70% | ||
1 | Others | 0.27% |
Item | Contract | N (%) | Mean (SD) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |||
How do you consider your overall well-being at work? | P * | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.3%) | 50 (16.0%) | 185 (59.1%) | 46 (14.7%) | 28 (8.9%) | 5.14 (0.8) |
T ** | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 24 (38.1%) | 31 (49.2%) | 4 (6.3%) | 4 (6.3%) | 4.81 (0.8) |
Item | Contract | N (%) | Mean (SD) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |||
Commitment Dimension: | |||||||
1. I am content with the company I work for | P * | 2 (0.6%) | 9 (2.9%) | 30 (9.6%) | 173 (55.3%) | 99 (31.6%) | 4.14 (0.75) |
T ** | 4 (6.3%) | 8 (12.7%) | 11 (17.5%) | 32 (50.8%) | 8 (12.7%) | 3.51 (1.08) | |
2. I am enthusiastic about the company I work for | P * | 4 (1.3%) | 13 (4.2%) | 45 (14.4%) | 173 (55.3%) | 78 (24.9%) | 3.98 (0.82) |
T ** | 5 (7.9%) | 8 (12.7%) | 15 (23.8%) | 30 (47.6%) | 5 (7.9%) | 3.35 (1.06) | |
3. I am interested in the company I work for | P * | 2 (0.6%) | 9 (2.9%) | 43 (13.7%) | 185 (59.1%) | 74 (23.6%) | 4.02 (0.74) |
T ** | 2 (3.2%) | 9 (14.3%) | 14 (22.2%) | 30 (47.6%) | 8 (12.7%) | 3.52 (1.00) | |
4. I am excited about the company I work for | P * | 3 (1.0%) | 14 (4.5%) | 53 (16.9%) | 163 (52.1%) | 80 (25.6%) | 3.96 (0.83) |
T ** | 4 (6.3%) | 9 (14.3%) | 14 (22.2%) | 30 (47.6%) | 6 (9.5%) | 3.40 (1.06) | |
5. I am proud of the company I work for | P * | 8 (2.6%) | 22 (7.0%) | 46 (14.7%) | 166 (53%) | 71 (22.7%) | 3.86 (0.93) |
T ** | 2 (3.2%) | 9 (14.3%) | 22 (34.9%) | 24 (38.1%) | 6 (9.5%) | 3.37 (0.96) | |
Engagement Dimension: | |||||||
1. The greatest satisfactions of my life come from my work | P * | 23 (7.3%) | 54 (17.3%) | 90 (28.8%) | 102 (32.6%) | 44 (14.1%) | 3.29 (1.13) |
T ** | 9 (14.3%) | 16 (25.4%) | 10 (15.9%) | 21 (33.3%) | 7 (11.1%) | 3.02 (1.28) | |
2. The most important things that happen in my life involve my work | P * | 37 (11.8%) | 102 (32.6%) | 85 (27.2%) | 67 (21.4%) | 22 (7.0%) | 2.79 (1.12) |
T ** | 6 (9.5%) | 23 (36.5%) | 16 (25.4%) | 14 (22.2%) | 4 (6.3%) | 2.79 (1.09) | |
3. I eat, live, and breathe my work | P * | 59 (18.8%) | 78 (24.9%) | 87 (27.8%) | 72 (23.0%) | 17 (5.4%) | 2.71 (1.17) |
T ** | 13 (20.6%) | 19 (30.2%) | 12 (19.0%) | 17 (27.0%) | 2 (3.2%) | 2.62 (1.18) | |
4. The hours I spend working are the best hours of my day | P * | 39 (12.5%) | 68 (21.7%) | 85 (27.2%) | 94 (30.0%) | 27 (8.6%) | 3.01 (1.17) |
T ** | 12 (19.0%) | 13 (20.6%) | 14 (22.2%) | 16 (25.4%) | 8 (12.7%) | 2.92 (1.32) | |
Satisfaction Dimension: | |||||||
1. I am satisfied with my salary compared to my efforts at work | P * | 40 (12.8%) | 55 (17.6%) | 48 (15.3%) | 130 (41.5%) | 40 (12.8%) | 3.24 (1.25) |
T ** | 15 (23.8%) | 14 (22.2%) | 8 (12.7%) | 20 (31.7%) | 6 (9.5%) | 2.81 (1.37) | |
2. I am satisfied with the level of interest my tasks arouse in me | P * | 7 (2.2%) | 15 (4.8%) | 27 (8.6%) | 183 (58.5%) | 81 (25.9%) | 4.01 (0.86) |
T ** | 3 (4.8%) | 4 (6.3%) | 3 (4.8%) | 39 (61.9%) | 14 (22.2%) | 3.90 (0.98) | |
3. I am satisfied with the understanding between me and my boss | P * | 6 (1.9%) | 6 (1.9%) | 18 (5.8%) | 181 (57.8%) | 102 (32.6%) | 4.17 (0.78) |
T ** | 4 (6.3%) | 4 (6.3%) | 7 (11.1%) | 34 (54%) | 14 (22.2%) | 3.79 (1.06) | |
4. I am satisfied with the opportunities for promotion in this company | P * | 20 (6.4%) | 40 (12.8%) | 47 (15%) | 168 (53.7%) | 38 (12.1%) | 3.52 (1.07) |
T ** | 11 (17.5%) | 12 (19.0%) | 9 (14.3%) | 28 (44.4%) | 3 (4.8%) | 3 (1.24) |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Commitment | 1 | 0.058 | 0.018 | 0.025 | −0.007 | −0.003 | 0.201 | 0.112 | −0.109 | −0.007 | −0.624 |
2 | Job category | 0.058 | 1 | −0.066 | −0.009 | −0.114 | 0.143 | −0.133 | −0.143 | 0.011 | −0.17 | −0.12 |
3 | Marital status | 0.018 | −0.066 | 1 | −0.004 | 0.006 | 0.065 | 0.081 | −0.077 | −0.01 | 0.091 | 0.027 |
4 | Education level | 0.025 | −0.009 | −0.004 | 1 | −0.077 | 0.045 | 0.022 | 0.053 | 0.04 | 0.139 | 0.044 |
5 | Length of employment | −0.007 | −0.114 | 0.006 | −0.077 | 1 | −0.076 | 0.015 | −0.028 | −0.056 | −0.178 | 0.015 |
6 | Gender | −0.003 | 0.143 | 0.065 | 0.045 | −0.076 | 1 | −0.016 | −0.069 | 0.076 | 0.021 | 0.06 |
7 | Contract model | 0.201 | −0.133 | 0.081 | 0.022 | 0.015 | −0.016 | 1 | 0.045 | −0.068 | 0.158 | 0.03 |
8 | Number of children | 0.112 | −0.143 | −0.077 | 0.053 | −0.028 | −0.069 | 0.045 | 1 | −0.014 | −0.354 | −0.072 |
9 | Engagement | −0.109 | 0.011 | −0.01 | 0.04 | −0.056 | 0.076 | −0.068 | −0.014 | 1 | −0.128 | −0.198 |
10 | Age | −0.007 | −0.17 | 0.091 | 0.139 | −0.178 | 0.021 | 0.158 | −0.354 | −0.128 | 1 | 0.042 |
11 | Satisfaction | −0.624 | −0.12 | 0.027 | 0.044 | 0.015 | 0.06 | 0.03 | −0.072 | −0.198 | 0.042 | 1 |
Mean | Standard Error | N | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pearson Correlation | 1. WBW’s self-perception | 5.0851 | 0.84107 | 376 | 1.000 | −0.147 | 0.197 | 0.414 | 0.502 |
2. Contract model | 0.17 | 0.374 | 376 | 1.000 | −0.051 | −0.195 | −0.275 | ||
3. Engagement | 2.9309 | 0.81866 | 376 | 1.000 | 0.362 | 0.311 | |||
4. Satisfaction | 3.6762 | 0.69068 | 376 | 1.000 | 0.679 | ||||
5. Commitment | 3.9011 | 0.77066 | 376 | 1.000 |
Model | Standard Coefficients | t | Sig. (p) | Multicollinearity Test | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Error | Beta (β) | Tolerance | VIF | |||
WBW perception * | 2.718 | 0.235 | 11.561 | 0.000 | |||
Contract model | −0.022 | 0.104 | −0.010 | −0.206 | 0.837 | 0.922 | 1.084 |
Engagement | 0.025 | 0.049 | 0.025 | 0.511 | 0.610 | 0.860 | 1.163 |
Satisfaction | 0.157 | 0.076 | 0.129 | 2.068 | 0.039 | 0.514 | 1.945 |
Commitment | 0.441 | 0.068 | 0.404 | 6.491 | 0.000 | 0.513 | 1.950 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Oliveira Neto, E.A.; Gonçalves, L.; Moreira, F.; Santana, W.; Maués, L.M. Assessment of the Influence of Contracting Models on the Well-Being of Construction Workers in the Brazilian Amazon. Buildings 2024, 14, 2539. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082539
Oliveira Neto EA, Gonçalves L, Moreira F, Santana W, Maués LM. Assessment of the Influence of Contracting Models on the Well-Being of Construction Workers in the Brazilian Amazon. Buildings. 2024; 14(8):2539. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082539
Chicago/Turabian StyleOliveira Neto, Ernani Antônio, Letícia Gonçalves, Felipe Moreira, Wylliam Santana, and Luiz Maurício Maués. 2024. "Assessment of the Influence of Contracting Models on the Well-Being of Construction Workers in the Brazilian Amazon" Buildings 14, no. 8: 2539. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082539