A Post Occupancy Evaluation of the Space Utilization of Cultural Heritage in Children’s Education: A Case Study of Wuhan’s Historical Districts, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Cultural Heritage Utilization
2.2. Post Occupancy Evaluation
2.3. Children’s Heritage Education
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Research Object: Historical Districts of Wuhan, China
3.2. The Post Occupancy Evaluation
3.3. System of Post Occupancy Evaluation
- Field investigation and interview: This stage mainly included recording and studying the current situation of space utilization of historical blocks, and interviewing subjects involved in the process, aiming to understand the basic cultural information of the area and identify the challenges and influencing factors of space utilization for educational purposes.
- Establish a hierarchy (Table 2): Completion of the evaluation of the space utilization of cultural heritage education involves three parts: the educational applicability of cultural heritage spaces [45,46]; the direct impact of educational activities on children [47,48]; and the project’s sustainability [49]. The evaluation was carried out on six levels: inheritance of historical context; improvement in environmental quality; completion of infrastructure; achievement of educational goals; participation of children in activities; and sustainable development. Through the comprehensive evaluation of these six levels, we can fully understand the effect of space utilization on cultural heritage education, and provide the basis and direction for future improvement.
- Evaluation Indicator Weight (Table 3): Five experts engaged in related fields were invited to participate in the questionnaire stage, and the Delphi method was used to solicit opinions on the weight of the evaluation system. The total weights for this component of the evaluation were computed using the hierarchical analysis approach, which took the average of the weights for each indication.
- The final evaluation indicator includes six second-level, 15 third-level, and 38 fourth-level indicators (Table 2).
4. Results
4.1. Expert-Based Evaluation
4.2. Children-Based Evaluation
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Evaluation Item | Your Rating Level | ||||
Very Satisfied | Satisfied | Average | Dissatisfied | Very Dissatisfied | |
1 Continuance of historical layout and texture | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
2 Renovation of historical buildings and elements | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
3 Display of historical figures and events | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
4 Continuance of folk art | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
5 Renovation of street facade | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
6 Renovation of floor paving | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
7 Green plaza | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
8 Featured landscape | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
9 Built environment | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
10 Public facilities | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
11 Road traffic | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
12 Public transport | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
13 Slow traffic | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
14 Parking facility | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
15 Development of awareness and attitude | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
16 Development of knowledge and skills | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
17 Active participation (in cultural heritage education activities) | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
18 Participation interest (in cultural heritage education activities) | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
19 Event organization (of cultural heritage education activities) | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
20 Publicity effect (of cultural heritage education activities) | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
21 Management effect (of cultural heritage education activities) | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
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Evaluation Stage | Work Process | Work Content |
---|---|---|
1. Preparation Stage | 1. Understand the evaluation object | Understand the background through literature and field investigation |
2. Design the evaluation plan | Define goals, scope, system, and methods | |
2. Implementation Stage | 3. Collect data | Collect data through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and records |
4. Analyze data | Conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis | |
3. Summary Stage | 5. Summarize the evaluation results | Identify strengths and problems |
6. Propose improvement measures | Propose improvement measures based on the results | |
7. Give feedback to the management department | Report results and recommendations to management |
The Post Occupancy Evaluation of the Space Utilization of Cultural Heritage in Children’s Education (Weight 1) | Second-Level Indicator | Weight | Third-Level Indicator | Weight | Forth-level Indicator | Weight |
B1 Inheritance of Historical Context | 0.3477 | C1 Continuance of Layout and Texture | 0.0895 | D1 Continuance of the overall layout | 0.0447 | |
D2 Continuance of traditional layout | 0.0447 | |||||
C2 Rectification of Historical Elements | 0.1558 | D3 Building renovation | 0.0779 | |||
D4 Regulation of environmental elements | 0.0779 | |||||
C3 Inheritance of Historical Context | 0.1024 | D5 Historical figures | 0.0341 | |||
D6 Historical events | 0.0341 | |||||
D7 Folk art | 0.0341 | |||||
B2 Improvement in Environmental Quality | 0.2058 | C4 Street Facade | 0.0802 | D8 Style of doors and windows | 0.0267 | |
D9 Shop sign | 0.0267 | |||||
D10 Facade decoration | 0.0267 | |||||
C5 Floor Paving | 0.0389 | D11 Paving material | 0.0130 | |||
D12 Paving color | 0.0130 | |||||
D13 Paving patterns | 0.0130 | |||||
C6 Public Space | 0.0584 | D14 Green plaza | 0.0292 | |||
D15 Featured landscape | 0.0292 | |||||
C7 Building Space | 0.0284 | D16 Built environment | 0.0142 | |||
D17 Building function | 0.0142 | |||||
B3 Completion of Infrastructure | 0.1181 | C8 Municipal Facilities | 0.0675 | D18 Water supply and drainage facilities | 0.0169 | |
D19 Power supply and communication facility | 0.0169 | |||||
D20 Gas and sanitation facilities | 0.0169 | |||||
D21 Disaster prevention facilities | 0.0169 | |||||
C9 Transportation Facilities | 0.0506 | D22 Road traffic | 0.0127 | |||
D23 Public transport | 0.0127 | |||||
D24 Slow traffic | 0.0127 | |||||
D25 Parking facility | 0.0127 | |||||
B4 Achievement of Educational Goals | 0.0860 | C10 Awareness and Attitude | 0.0287 | D26 Awareness of protection | 0.0143 | |
D27 Respect and understanding | 0.0143 | |||||
C11 Knowledge and Skills | 0.0573 | D28 Knowledge of cultural heritage | 0.0287 | |||
D29 Conservation skills of cultural heritage | 0.0287 | |||||
B5 Participation of Children in Activities | 0.1541 | C12 Willingness to Participate | 0.1101 | D30 Active participation | 0.0550 | |
D31 Participation interest | 0.0550 | |||||
C13 Event Organization | 0.0440 | D32 Participation norm | 0.0220 | |||
D33 Comprehensiveness of participation | 0.0220 | |||||
B6 Sustainable Development | 0.0883 | C14 Publicity Planning | 0.0505 | D34 Scope of influence | 0.0168 | |
D35 Publicity channel | 0.0168 | |||||
D36 Publicity effect | 0.0168 | |||||
C15 Operation Management | 0.0378 | D37 Feedback mechanism | 0.0189 | |||
D38 Updating mechanism | 0.0189 |
Steps | Work Content |
---|---|
1. Distribution of a questionnaire on the weighting of indicators | Edit the questionnaire with the WeChat app “Questionnaire Star” and distribute it online. |
2. Expert evaluation of weights | Each expert completes the questionnaire separately, and the total of each indication is 100. |
3. Calculate the first-round results | The questionnaire responses are counted, and the average value for each weighted is computed. |
4. Report first-round results to experts | The expert adjusts their own weighting again based on the findings of the first set of questions. |
5. Provide feedback and consultation in rounds | Following the steps outlined above (2–4), after several rounds of results and adjustments, until each expert’s results no longer change, it is time to reach a basic consensus of expert opinion. |
General Object | Total Score | Second-Level Indicator | Evaluation Score | Third-Level Indicator | Evaluation Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A The Post Occupancy Evaluation of the Space Utilization of Cultural Heritage in Children’s Education | 3.417 | B1 Inheritance of Historical Context | 3.572 | C1 Continuance of Layout and Texture | 2.6 |
C2 Rectification of Historical Elements | 4.2 | ||||
C3 Inheritance of Historical Context | 3.467 | ||||
B2 Improvement in Environmental Quality | 4.002 | C4 Street Facade | 4.266 | ||
C5 Floor Paving | 4.667 | ||||
C6 Public Space | 3.1 | ||||
C7 Building Space | 4.2 | ||||
B3 Completion of Infrastructure | 4.150 | C8 Municipal Facilities | 4.75 | ||
C9 Transportation Facilities | 3.35 | ||||
B4 Achievement of Educational Goals | 3.233 | C10 Awareness and Attitude | 2.3 | ||
C11 Knowledge and Skills | 3.7 | ||||
B5 Participation of Children in Activities | 2.157 | C12 Willingness to Participate | 2.1 | ||
C13 Event Organization | 2.3 | ||||
B6 Sustainable Development | 3.445 | C14 Publicity Planning | 3.404 | ||
C15 Operation Management | 3.5 |
Third-Level Indicator | Forth-Level Indicator | Minimum | Maximum | Evaluation Score | Rank | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 Continuance of Layout and Texture | D1 Continuance of historical layout and texture | 2 | 5 | 4.2077 | 4.2077 | 2 |
C2 Rectification of Historical Elements | D2 Renovation of historical buildings and elements | 3 | 5 | 4.3005 | 4.3005 | 1 |
C3 Inheritance of Historical Context | D3 Display of historical figures and events | 2 | 5 | 3.7104 | 3.8087 | 14 |
D4 Continuance of folk art | 1 | 5 | 3.9071 | 9 | ||
C4 Street Facade | D5 Renovation of the street facade | 3 | 5 | 4.2077 | 4.2077 | 3 |
C5 Floor Paving | D6 Renovation of floor paving | 2 | 5 | 4.1201 | 4.1202 | 4 |
C6 Public Space | D7 Green plaza | 1 | 5 | 3.5847 | 3.7213 | 17 |
D8 Featured landscape | 2 | 5 | 3.8579 | 10 | ||
C7 Building Space | D9 Built environment function | 2 | 5 | 4.0765 | 4.0765 | 5 |
C8 Municipal Facilities | D10 Public facilities | 2 | 5 | 3.6940 | 3.6940 | 15 |
C9 Transportation Facilities | D11 Road traffic | 2 | 5 | 3.8306 | 3.8156 | 11 |
D12 Public transport | 1 | 5 | 3.4863 | 19 | ||
D13 Slow traffic | 2 | 5 | 4.0164 | 6 | ||
D14 Parking facility | 2 | 5 | 3.9290 | 8 | ||
C10 Awareness and Attitude | D15 Development of awareness and attitude | 1 | 5 | 3.7432 | 3.7432 | 13 |
C11 Knowledge and Skills | D16 Development of knowledge and skills | 1 | 5 | 3.9344 | 3.9344 | 7 |
C12 Willingness to Participate | D17 Active participation | 1 | 5 | 3.2077 | 3.4973 | 21 |
D18 Participation interest | 2 | 5 | 3.7869 | 12 | ||
C13 Event Organization | D19 Event organization | 1 | 5 | 3.2459 | 3.2459 | 20 |
C14 Publicity Planning | D20 Publicity effect | 1 | 5 | 3.5301 | 3.5301 | 18 |
C15 Operation Management | D21 Management effect | 1 | 5 | 3.6448 | 3.6448 | 16 |
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Xiao, W.; Yoon, J.-E. A Post Occupancy Evaluation of the Space Utilization of Cultural Heritage in Children’s Education: A Case Study of Wuhan’s Historical Districts, China. Buildings 2024, 14, 2682. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092682
Xiao W, Yoon J-E. A Post Occupancy Evaluation of the Space Utilization of Cultural Heritage in Children’s Education: A Case Study of Wuhan’s Historical Districts, China. Buildings. 2024; 14(9):2682. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092682
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao, Wei, and Jae-Eun Yoon. 2024. "A Post Occupancy Evaluation of the Space Utilization of Cultural Heritage in Children’s Education: A Case Study of Wuhan’s Historical Districts, China" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2682. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092682