Thermal and Economic Analysis of Renovation Strategies for a Historic Building in Mediterranean Area
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Main Issues in Historic Buildings Renovation
1.2. Cost-Optimal Methodology for the Energy Renovation
1.3. Outline of the Paper
2. Case Study
3. Methodology
3.1. Calculation of the Energy Needs for Space Heating and Cooling
3.2. Dynamic Simulations for the Assessment of Summer Thermal Comfort
3.3. Economic Analysis
3.3.1. Cost Optimal Analysis
Initial Investment Cost
Annual and Periodic Cost
Cost for Loss of Useful Floor Surface
Residual Value
Discount Rate
3.3.2. Discounted Payback Time
4. Proposed Retrofit Solutions and Corresponding Costs
- risk of mold formation as the outer walls become colder after the retrofit intervention;
- risk of reducing the transpiration capacity of the outer walls, thus preventing moisture from being transferred outdoors;
- loss of useful floor surface;
- impossibility of seeing the original finishing from inside;
- complexity of the installation;
- difficulty in eliminating thermal bridges.
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Energy Needs
5.2. Thermal Comfort
5.3. Economic Analysis
5.3.1. Cost Optimal
5.3.2. Discounted Payback Time
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Layers (from Inside to Outside) | s (mm) | λ (W·m−1·K−1) | ρ (kg·m−3) | cp (J·kg−1·K−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional wall: basalt stones + mortar (U = 1.57 W·m−2·K−1) | ||||
Plaster (lime + gypsum) | 15 | 0.7 | 1400 | 1090 |
Basalt stones with mortar | 700 | 1.7 | 2500 | 900 |
Plaster (lime + volcanic ash) | 30 | 0.9 | 1400 | 1090 |
Attic floor (U = 1.21 W·m−2·K−1) | ||||
Reed matting | 30 | 0.056 | 190 | 1000 |
Mortar (gypsum) | 35 | 0.58 | 1200 | 1090 |
Plaster (lime + gypsum) | 15 | 0.7 | 1400 | 1090 |
Retrofit Solution | Material | Code | s (mm) | R (m2·K·W−1) | U (W·m−2·K−1) | Uinc (W·m−2·K−1) | Csol (€·m−2) | Cuf (€·m−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wall insulation (IE: 468 m2; others: 932.5 m2) | Aerogel boards (λ = 0.014 W·m−1·K−1) | A1 | 10 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.44 | 102.87 | 53.15 |
A2 | 20 | 1.43 | 0.48 | 0.44 | 162.24 | 83.82 | ||
A3 | 30 | 2.14 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 221.14 | 114.25 | ||
Calcium silicate boards (λ = 0.045 W·m−1·K−1) | P1 | 50 | 1.11 | 0.57 | 0.44 | 42.74 | 22.08 | |
P2 | 60 | 1.33 | 0.51 | 0.44 | 44.89 | 23.19 | ||
P3 | 80 | 1.78 | 0.41 | 0.44 | 47.74 | 24.66 | ||
Thermal plaster (λ = 0.075 W·m−1·K−1) | I1 | 20 | 0.27 | 1.11 | 0.44 | 42.50 | 21.96 | |
I2 | 40 | 0.53 | 0.85 | 0.44 | 53.44 | 27.61 | ||
IE | 40 | 0.53 | 0.85 | 0.38 | 70.61 | 18.29 | ||
Roof insulation (558 m2) | PUR boards (λ = 0.022 W·m−1·K−1) | RT | 80 | 3.64 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 66.8 | 20.65 |
Glazing replacement (143 m2) | Double glazing with air gap (4-8-6) | RV | 18 | - | 2.10 | 2.60 | 110.0 | 8.71 |
U = thermal transmittance of the envelope components (wall, roof, window) after the retrofit intervention Uinc = maximum thermal transmittance allowed to get the incentives Csol = cost of the retrofit solution, referring to the unit surface involved in the retrofit Cuf = cost of the retrofit solution, referring to the unit net useful floor surface of the building (1805 m2) |
Wall Solution | TL (h) | YIE (W·m−2·K−1) | Cint (kJ·m−2·K−1) |
---|---|---|---|
Current | 20.0 | 0.032 | 71.4 |
A1 | 21.2 | 0.008 | 24.9 |
A2 | 21.5 | 0.006 | 23.0 |
A3 | 21.8 | 0.004 | 21.9 |
P1 | 21.8 | 0.006 | 24.7 |
P2 | 22.0 | 0.005 | 24.8 |
P3 | 22.6 | 0.004 | 25.4 |
I1 | 20.6 | 0.013 | 32.0 |
I2 | 21.4 | 0.009 | 21.9 |
IE | 21.6 | 0.009 | 71.6 |
Retrofit Package | Included Solutions | Initial Costs | |
---|---|---|---|
Without Incentives | With Incentives | ||
RA_1 | A1 + RT + RV | € 148,932.54 | € 134,022.78 |
RA_2 | A2 + RT + RV | € 204,292.27 | € 189,382.51 |
RA_3 | A3 + RT + RV | € 259,221.18 | € 214,471.42 |
RP_1 | P1 + RT + RV | € 92,854.79 | € 77,945.03 |
RP_2 | P2 + RT + RV | € 94,865.26 | € 79,955.50 |
RP_3 | P3 + RT + RV | € 97,521.95 | € 64,805.17 |
RI_1 | I1 + RT + RV | € 92,639.38 | € 77,729.62 |
RI_2 | I2 + RT + RV | € 102,835.34 | € 87,925.58 |
RI_E | IE + RT + RV | € 86,013.38 | € 71,103.62 |
Retrofit Package | Thickness (mm) | Loss of Surface (m2) | Unit Costs (€/m2) | Csl (€) |
---|---|---|---|---|
RA_1 | 10 | 2.93 | 1,700 | 4,985.3 |
RA_2 | 20 | 5.87 | 1,700 | 9,970.5 |
RA_3 | 30 | 8.80 | 1,700 | 14,955.8 |
RP_1 | 50 | 14.66 | 1,700 | 24,926.3 |
RP_2 | 60 | 17.60 | 1,700 | 29,911.5 |
RP_3 | 80 | 23.46 | 1,700 | 39,882.0 |
RI_1 | 20 | 5.87 | 1,700 | 9,970.5 |
RI_2 | 40 | 11.73 | 1,700 | 19,941.0 |
Retrofit Package | Included Solutions | DPT | |
---|---|---|---|
Without Incentives | With Incentives | ||
RA_1 | A1 + RT + RV | 25 | 23 |
RA_2 | A2 + RT + RV | 32 | 30 |
RA_3 | A3 + RT + RV | 38 | 32 |
RP_1 | P1 + RT + RV | 18 | 16 |
RP_2 | P2 + RT + RV | 18 | 16 |
RP_3 | P3 + RT + RV | 19 | 12 |
RI_1 | I1 + RT + RV | 21 | 18 |
RI_2 | I2 + RT + RV | 19 | 17 |
RI_E | IE + RT + RV | 22 | 18 |
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Share and Cite
Cirami, S.; Evola, G.; Gagliano, A.; Margani, G. Thermal and Economic Analysis of Renovation Strategies for a Historic Building in Mediterranean Area. Buildings 2017, 7, 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7030060
Cirami S, Evola G, Gagliano A, Margani G. Thermal and Economic Analysis of Renovation Strategies for a Historic Building in Mediterranean Area. Buildings. 2017; 7(3):60. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7030060
Chicago/Turabian StyleCirami, Simona, Gianpiero Evola, Antonio Gagliano, and Giuseppe Margani. 2017. "Thermal and Economic Analysis of Renovation Strategies for a Historic Building in Mediterranean Area" Buildings 7, no. 3: 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7030060