Review of Constructions and Materials Used in Swedish Residential Buildings during the Post-War Peak of Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Definitions and Nomenclature
- Multi-dwelling buildingA building containing three or more dwellings. The building may be a balcony access building, point block building, slab block building or terraced building, as explained below and in Figure 1.
- One- or two-dwelling buildingA building containing one or two dwellings. The building may be a one-dwelling building, two-dwelling building, linked building or terraced building, as explained below and in Figure 2.
- Balcony access buildingA multi-dwelling building with one (or more) common staircase. The dwellings are accessed through a common balcony on each storey.
- Point block buildingA multi-dwelling building with one central core/common staircase in the centre of the building.
- Slab block buildingA multi-dwelling building with two or more common staircases.
- Terraced buildingA multi-dwelling building or two-dwelling building, usually with almost identical dwellings, which shares one or two walls with a neighbouring dwelling.
- One-dwelling buildingA building containing one dwelling.
- Two-dwelling buildingA building containing two dwellings, usually with almost identical dwellings stacked on top of each other.
- Linked buildingA number of buildings (may be more than two) which are connected via a complementary building (not used as a dwelling), such as a garage or storage area.
- Transverse load-bearingA superstructure of a building (usually slab block buildings or balcony access building) based on a system where the gable walls and interior walls are load-bearing. The load-bearing walls are oriented transversely in relation to the building’s dominant longitudinal direction.
- Longitudinal load-bearingA superstructure of a building where the load-bearing walls are oriented in the same direction as the building’s dominant longitudinal direction. The gable walls may also be load-bearing.
- Column constructionA superstructure of a building where the dominant load-bearing wall is based on columns.
- Malmö regionIncludes the municipalities of Bara, Burlöv, Dalby, Genarp, Kävlinge, Lomma, Lund, Löddeköpinge, Malmö, Månstorp, Räng, Skannör, Staffanstorp, Svedal, Södra Sandby, Trelleborg, Veberöd and Vellinge.
- Göteborg regionIncludes the municipalities of Askim, Fjärås, Göteborg, Härryda, Kungsbacka, Kungälv, Lerum, Löftadalen, Mölndal, Nödinge, Onsala, Partille, Skepplanda, Starrkärr, Stenungsund, Styrsö, Tjörn and Öckerö.
- Stockholm regionIncludes the municipalities of Botkyrka, Danderyd, Djurö, Ekerö, Gustavsberg, Haninge, Huddinge, Järfälla, Lidingö, Nacka, Salem, Sigtuna, Sollentuna, Solna, Stockholm, Sundbyberg, Tyresö, Täby, Upplands-Bro, Upplands-Väsby, Vallentuna, Vaxholm, Värmdö and Österåker.
- Non-metropolitan regionsIncludes all municipalities except for the ones listed above.
3. Available Data
4. Method
4.1. Step 1—Transfer of Data
4.2. Step 2—Defining Technical Aspects of Interest
4.3. Step 3—Analysis of Data
4.4. Step 4—Comparison of Results in Relation to Previous Studies
5. Results
5.1. Multi-Dwelling Buildings
5.2. One- and Two-Dwelling Buildings
6. Discussion
6.1. Multi-Dwelling Buildings
6.2. One- and Two-Dwelling Buildings
7. Conclusions
7.1. Multi-Dwelling Buildings
7.2. One- and Two-Dwelling Buildings
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A—Multi-Dwelling Buildings
Type of Data | Available Parameters | Period for Available Data |
---|---|---|
Type of building | Balcony access building; Point block building; Slab block building; Terraced building; Other | 1960–1993 * |
Area of construction | Göteborg region; Malmö region; Stockholm region; Sweden excluding metropolitan regions | 1966–1993 ** |
Storeys | 1–2; 3; 4; 5–8; ≥9 | 1962–1993 |
Type of superstructure | Transverse load bearing; Longitudinal load bearing; Pillar construction; Other | 1968–1972 |
Material for superstructure | Autoclaved aerated concrete; Clay bricks; Concrete; Wood; Other | 1963–1987 |
Method of production for superstructure | On site; Prefabricated | 1968–1979 |
Façade material | Asbestos; Autoclaved aerated concrete; Clay bricks; Concrete; Render; Sandlime bricks; Sheet metal; Wood; Other | 1963–1993 *** |
Inner material in exterior wall | Autoclaved aerated concrete; Clay bricks; Concrete; Wood; Other | 1963–1979 |
Method of production for exterior wall | On site; Prefabricated | 1968–1979 |
Roofing | Asbestos; Clay tiles; Concrete tiles; Roof felt; Sheet metal; Other | 1969–1993 |
Appendix B—One- and Two-Dwelling Buildings
Type of Data | Available Parameters | Period for Available Data |
---|---|---|
Type of building | One-dwelling building; Two-dwelling building; Linked building; Terraced building; Other | 1966–1994 |
Area of construction | Göteborg region; Malmö region; Stockholm region; Sweden excluding metropolitan regions | 1968–1994 |
Storeys | 1; 1.5; 2; >2 | 1970–1987 |
Material for superstructure | Autoclaved aerated concrete; Clay bricks; Concrete; Wood; Other | 1966-1987 |
Method of production for superstructure | On site: Prefabricated; Partly prefabricated | 1968–1993 |
Façade material | Asbestos; Autoclaved aerated concrete; Clay bricks; Concrete; Render; Sandlime bricks; Sheet metal; Wood; Other | 1966–1993 * |
Insulation in exterior wall | Expanded polystyrene; Wood insulation/wood wool/wood shavings; Autoclaved aerated concrete; Mineral wool | 1966–1972 |
Roofing | Asbestos; Clay tiles; Concrete tiles; Roof felt; Sheet metal; Other | 1966–1993 |
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Type of Construction | Region | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Metropolitan | Malmö-Region | Göteborg-Region | Stockholm-Region | |
Insulated wood infill walls with clay brick façades | X | X | X | X |
Lightweight concrete walls with rendered façades | X | X | ||
Concrete sandwich walls | X | X | X |
Type of Construction | Region | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Metropolitan | Malmö-Region | Göteborg-Region | Stockholm-Region | |
Insulated wood walls with clay brick façades | X | X | X | X |
Insulated wood walls with wood façades | X | X | X | X |
Roof constructions with insulated tie beam | X | X | X | X |
Roof constructions for 1.5-storey buildings | X | X | X | X |
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Berggren, B.; Wall, M. Review of Constructions and Materials Used in Swedish Residential Buildings during the Post-War Peak of Production. Buildings 2019, 9, 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040099
Berggren B, Wall M. Review of Constructions and Materials Used in Swedish Residential Buildings during the Post-War Peak of Production. Buildings. 2019; 9(4):99. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040099
Chicago/Turabian StyleBerggren, Björn, and Maria Wall. 2019. "Review of Constructions and Materials Used in Swedish Residential Buildings during the Post-War Peak of Production" Buildings 9, no. 4: 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040099