Conceptualizing the Patterns of Change in Cultural Values: The Paradoxical Effects of Modernization, Demographics, and Globalization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Culture and Cultural Value Dimensions
2.1. Inglehart’s Traditional vs. Secular-Rational
2.2. Inglehart’s Survival vs. Self-Expression Values
2.3. Hofstede’s Collectivism vs. Individualism
2.4. Schwartz’s Embeddedness (Conservatism) vs. Autonomy
2.5. Hofstede’s Power Distance
2.6. Hofstede’s Past vs. Future Orientation (Short- vs. Long-Term)
2.7. Schwartz’s Hierarchy vs. Egalitarianism
2.8. GLOBE’s Gender Egalitarianism
3. Pattern-1: Cultural Change via Socio-Economic Development: The Growth of Modern (Gesellschaft) Values
The Changes in Cultural Dimensions via Modernization
- Traditional vs. Secular-Rational
- Survival vs. Self-Expression Values
- Collectivism vs. Individualism
- Embeddedness (Conservatism) vs. Autonomy
- High Power Distance vs. Low Power Distance
- Hierarchy vs. Egalitarianism
- Past vs. Future Orientation
- High vs. Low Gender Egalitarianism
4. Highlighting the Relationship between Modernization and Cultural Value Dimensions
5. Pattern-2: Cultural Change via Demographics: The Growth of Traditional (Gemeinschaft) Values
The Changes in Cultural Dimensions via Birth and Migration
- Traditional vs. Secular-Rational
- Survival vs. Self-Expression Values
- Collectivism vs. Individualism
- Embeddedness (Conservatism) vs. Autonomy
- High Power Distance vs. Low Power Distance
- Hierarchy vs. Egalitarianism
- Past vs. Future-Orientation
- High vs. Low Gender Egalitarianism
6. Highlighting the Relationships between Cultural Dimensions, Birth Rates and Migration
7. Pattern-3: Cultural Change via Globalization and Contact: The Blend of Traditional (Gemeinschaft) and Modern (Gesellschaft)
7.1. Globalization/Contact and the Spread of Modern (Gesellschaft) Values
7.2. Globalization/Contact and the Persistence of Traditional (Gemeinschaft) Values
7.3. Globalization/Contact and the Blend of Traditional and Modern Values
8. Discussion
9. Modeling the Dynamic Relationship between Traditional and Modern Cultures
10. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Traditional Societies (Gemeinschaft) Developing Economies | Modern Societies (Gesellschaft) Developed Economies | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cultural Dimension | HDI | Modernization | Cultural Dimension | HDI | Modernization |
Traditional/Religious | −0.597 ** | −0.896 ** | Rational/Secular | +0.597 ** | +0.896 ** |
Survival | −0.569 ** | −0.959 ** | Self-Expression | +0.569 ** | +0.959 ** |
Collectivism Embeddedness | −0.638 ** −0.617 ** | −0.503 ** −0.818 ** | Individualism Autonomy | +0.638 ** +0.617 ** | +0.503 ** +0.818 ** |
High Power Distance Hierarchy | −0.552 ** −0.493 ** | −0.631 ** −0.523 ** | Low Power Distance Egalitarianism | +0.552 ** +0.493 ** | +0.631 ** +0.523 ** |
Past orientation | −0.340 ** | −0.290 * | Future orientation | +0.340 ** | +0.290 * |
Low Gender Egalitarianism | −0.476 ** | −0.559 ** | High Gender Egalitarianism | +0.476 ** | +0.559 ** |
Traditional Societies (Gemeinschaft) Developing Economies | Modern Societies (Gesellschaft) Developed Economies | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cultural Dimension | Fertility | Out-Migration | Cultural Dimension | Fertility | Out-Migration |
Traditional/Religious | +0.604 ** | +0.191 | Rational/Secular | −0.604 ** | −0.191 |
Survival | +0.102 | +0.491 ** | Self-Expression | −0.102 | −0.491 ** |
Collectivism Embeddedness | +0.315 ** +0.498 ** | +0.485 ** +0.381 ** | Individualism Autonomy | −0.315 ** −0.498 ** | −0.485 ** −0.381 ** |
High Power Distance Hierarchy | +0.229 +0.246 | +0.363 ** +0.321 * | Low Power Distance Egalitarianism | −0.229 −0.246 | −0.363 ** −0.321 * |
Past orientation | +0.336 ** | +0.273 * | Future orientation | −0.336 ** | −0.273 * |
Low Gender Egalitarianism | +0.281* | +0.173 * | High Gender Egalitarianism | −0.281 * | −0.173 * |
The Year 1900 | Year 1950 | The Year 2000 | Year 2022 | Growth Percent | The Year 1900 | Year 1950 | The Year 2000 | Year 2022 | Growth Percent | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 45 * m | 51 m | 59 m | 67 m | 49% | Egypt | 10 m | 21 m | 69 m | 106 m | 960% |
France | 39 m | 42 m | 61 m | 68 m | 74% | Saudi Arabia | 2.5 m | 3.2 m | 20 m | 36 m | 1340% |
Germany | 57 m | 51 m | 82 m | 84 m | 47% | Nigeria | 16 m | 38 m | 122 m | 216 m | 1250% |
Italy | 33 m | 47 m | 57 m | 59 m | 79% | Algeria | 5 m | 9 m | 31 m | 46 m | 820% |
Spain | 19 m | 28 m | 41 m | 48 m | 152% | India | 240 m | 376 m | 1057 m | 1417 m | 490% |
Belgium | 7 m | 9 m | 10 m | 12 m | 71% | China | 400 m | 554 m | 1263 m | 1414 m | 254% |
Netherlands | 5 m | 10 m | 16 m | 18 m | 260% | Pakistan | 23 m | 38 m | 142 m | 230 m | 900% |
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Yeganeh, H. Conceptualizing the Patterns of Change in Cultural Values: The Paradoxical Effects of Modernization, Demographics, and Globalization. Soc. Sci. 2024, 13, 439. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090439
Yeganeh H. Conceptualizing the Patterns of Change in Cultural Values: The Paradoxical Effects of Modernization, Demographics, and Globalization. Social Sciences. 2024; 13(9):439. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090439
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeganeh, Hamid. 2024. "Conceptualizing the Patterns of Change in Cultural Values: The Paradoxical Effects of Modernization, Demographics, and Globalization" Social Sciences 13, no. 9: 439. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090439