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Article

I Was the Violence Victim, I Am the Perpetrator: Bullying and Cyberbullying Perpetration and Associated Factors among Adolescents

by
Barbara Jankowiak
1,
Sylwia Jaskulska
1,*,
Vanesa Pérez-Martínez
2,
Jacek Pyżalski
1,
Belén Sanz-Barbero
3,4,
Nicola Bowes
5,
Karen De Claire
5,
Sofia Neves
6,7,
Joana Topa
6,7,
Estefânia Silva
6,7,
Veronica Mocanu
8 and
Carmen Vives-Cases
2,4
1
Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland
2
Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
3
National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
4
CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
5
Department of Applied Psychology, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
6
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
7
Interdisciplinary Center for Gender Studies (ISCSP-ULisbon), 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal
8
Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(9), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090452
Submission received: 12 July 2024 / Revised: 22 August 2024 / Accepted: 27 August 2024 / Published: 28 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Family Studies)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Bullying and cyberbullying significantly threaten the development and mental health of both victims and perpetrators. This study aimed to analyze the associations between socioeconomic characteristics, personal experiences of violence, perceived social support from peers, and acceptance of violence and (cyber)bullying perpetration. The study involved 1146 secondary school students, consisting of 698 females and 448 males, aged 13 to 16. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. The results indicated that 12.32% of girls and 18.97% of boys reported engaging in bullying and/or cyberbullying. The likelihood of perpetration was lower among adolescents who had not experienced physical and/or sexual abuse before age 15, but higher among those in romantic relationships who had been victims of dating violence or had experienced (cyber)bullying victimization. Additionally, perceived social support from classmates was associated with a lower likelihood of becoming a perpetrator, whereas acceptance of violence was positively associated with (cyber)bullying perpetration. Preventing adolescents from becoming perpetrators of bullying and/or cyberbullying requires early intervention to prevent all forms of violence in childhood and adolescence, as well as bolstering personal and environmental resources by providing social support.
Keywords: bullying; cyberbullying; adolescents; abuse in childhood; dating violence; social support; acceptance of violence; peer violence; sexual abuse bullying; cyberbullying; adolescents; abuse in childhood; dating violence; social support; acceptance of violence; peer violence; sexual abuse

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Jankowiak, B.; Jaskulska, S.; Pérez-Martínez, V.; Pyżalski, J.; Sanz-Barbero, B.; Bowes, N.; Claire, K.D.; Neves, S.; Topa, J.; Silva, E.; et al. I Was the Violence Victim, I Am the Perpetrator: Bullying and Cyberbullying Perpetration and Associated Factors among Adolescents. Soc. Sci. 2024, 13, 452. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090452

AMA Style

Jankowiak B, Jaskulska S, Pérez-Martínez V, Pyżalski J, Sanz-Barbero B, Bowes N, Claire KD, Neves S, Topa J, Silva E, et al. I Was the Violence Victim, I Am the Perpetrator: Bullying and Cyberbullying Perpetration and Associated Factors among Adolescents. Social Sciences. 2024; 13(9):452. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090452

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jankowiak, Barbara, Sylwia Jaskulska, Vanesa Pérez-Martínez, Jacek Pyżalski, Belén Sanz-Barbero, Nicola Bowes, Karen De Claire, Sofia Neves, Joana Topa, Estefânia Silva, and et al. 2024. "I Was the Violence Victim, I Am the Perpetrator: Bullying and Cyberbullying Perpetration and Associated Factors among Adolescents" Social Sciences 13, no. 9: 452. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090452

APA Style

Jankowiak, B., Jaskulska, S., Pérez-Martínez, V., Pyżalski, J., Sanz-Barbero, B., Bowes, N., Claire, K. D., Neves, S., Topa, J., Silva, E., Mocanu, V., & Vives-Cases, C. (2024). I Was the Violence Victim, I Am the Perpetrator: Bullying and Cyberbullying Perpetration and Associated Factors among Adolescents. Social Sciences, 13(9), 452. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090452

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