Exploring University Students’ Career Resources Profiles to Cope with Career Insecurity and Promote Employability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Theoretical Framework
1.2. Psychological Career Resources
1.2.1. Time Perspective
1.2.2. Resilience
1.3. Social Career Resources
1.4. Present Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Time Perspective
2.2.2. Resilience
2.2.3. Social Career Resources
2.2.4. Career Insecurity
2.2.5. Employability
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Career Resources Profiles
3.2. Profile Comparisons
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations and Future Research Directions
4.2. Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | α | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | PCR: Present positive time perspective | 0.891 | ||||||||
2 | PCR: Future positive time perspective | 0.896 | 0.451 ** | |||||||
3 | PCR: Resilience | 0.802 | 0.206 ** | 0.301 ** | ||||||
4 | SCR: University career support | 0.842 | 0.366 ** | 0.327 ** | 0.122 * | |||||
5 | SCR: Social career support | 0.811 | 0.430 ** | 0.325 ** | 0.120 * | 0.577 ** | ||||
6 | SCR: Studies challenge | 0.769 | 0.326 ** | 0.326 ** | 0.097 | 0.637 ** | 0.567 ** | |||
7 | CI: Career opportunities | 0.814 | −0.262 ** | −0.356 ** | −0.287 ** | −0.122 * | −0.106 | −0.179 ** | ||
8 | CI: Contractual employment conditions | 0.803 | −0.270 ** | −0.426 ** | −0.307 ** | −0.242 ** | −0.108 | −0.246 ** | 0.730 ** | |
9 | Employability | 0.762 | 0.235 ** | 0.397 ** | 0.245 ** | 0.346 ** | 0.352 ** | 0.383 ** | −0.280 ** | −0.251 ** |
Clusters (n) | AIC | AIC Change a | Ratio of AIC Change b |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 1189.643 | ||
2 | 1198.129 | 8.485 | 1.000 |
3 | 1196.391 | −1.738 | −0.205 |
4 | 1150.348 | −46.043 | −5.426 |
5 | 1158.530 | 8.181 | 0.964 |
(1) Low CR | (2) High PCR–Low SCR | (3) Low PCR–High SCR | (4) High CR | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 53 | n = 99 | n = 66 | n = 63 | N = 281 | ||||||
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
PCR: Present positive time attitude | 2.857 | 0.675 | 3.762 | 0.496 | 3.718 | 0.512 | 4.124 | 0.481 | 3.662 | 0.677 |
PCR: Future positive time attitude | 2.781 | 0.831 | 3.723 | 0.614 | 3.264 | 0.646 | 4.213 | 0.500 | 3.547 | 0.808 |
PCR: Resilience | 2.906 | 0.766 | 3.311 | 0.481 | 2.455 | 0.491 | 3.561 | 0.578 | 3.090 | 0.699 |
SCR: University career support | 2.082 | 0.695 | 3.077 | 0.547 | 3.566 | 0.545 | 4.053 | 0.505 | 3.223 | 0.870 |
SCR: Social career support | 2.708 | 0.754 | 3.321 | 0.515 | 3.761 | 0.522 | 4.290 | 0.461 | 3.526 | 0.771 |
SCR: Studies challenge | 2.579 | 0.785 | 3.310 | 0.562 | 3.848 | 0.434 | 4.312 | 0.478 | 3.523 | 0.818 |
Total | (1) Low CR | (2) High PCR– Low SCR | (3) Low SCR– High PCR | (4) High CR | χ2 | p | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (n) | Male | 99 | (35.23%) | 12 | (22.64%) | 44 | (44.44%) | 17 | (25.76%) | 26 | (41.27%) | 11.95 | 0.008 |
Female | 175 | (62.28%) | 39 | (73.58%) | 50 | (50.51%) | 49 | (74.24%) | 37 | (58.73%) | |||
Age | M (SD) | 23.87 | (2.276) | 24.38 | (2.177) | 24.08 | (2.368) | 23.21 | (2.004) | 23.79 | (2.363) | 9.922 | 0.019 |
Mdn | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 24 | ||||||||
University degree level (n) | Bachelor | 77 | (27.40%) | 16 | (30.19%) | 24 | (24.24%) | 23 | (34.85%) | 14 | (22.22%) | 3.393 | 0.335 |
Masters | 204 | (72.60%) | 37 | (69.81%) | 75 | (75.76%) | 43 | (65.15%) | 49 | (77.78%) | |||
Previous work experience (n) | Yes | 249 | (88.61%) | 47 | (88.68%) | 90 | (90.91%) | 55 | (83.33%) | 57 | (90.48%) | 2.557 | 0.465 |
No | 32 | (11.39%) | 6 | (11.32%) | 9 | (9.09%) | 11 | (16.67%) | 6 | (9.52%) |
Total | (1) Low CR | (2) High PCR–Low SCR | (3) Low PCR–High SCR | (4) High CR | F | Post hoc | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||
CI: Career opportunities | 3.093 | 0.846 | 3.528 | 0.691 | 2.806 | 0.814 | 3.394 | 0.734 | 2.861 | 0.881 | 14.734 ** | 1, 3 > 2, 4 |
CI: Contractual employment conditions | 3.408 | 0.798 | 3.892 | 0.694 | 3.174 | 0.742 | 3.663 | 0.672 | 3.103 | 0.823 | 17.170 ** | 1, 3 > 2, 4 |
Employability | 3.425 | 0.699 | 3.060 | 0.701 | 3.349 | 0.642 | 3.339 | 0.549 | 3.940 | 0.652 | 20.438 ** | 4 > 3, 2 > 1 |
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Antonio, A.A.; Chiesa, R. Exploring University Students’ Career Resources Profiles to Cope with Career Insecurity and Promote Employability. Soc. Sci. 2024, 13, 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090455
Antonio AA, Chiesa R. Exploring University Students’ Career Resources Profiles to Cope with Career Insecurity and Promote Employability. Social Sciences. 2024; 13(9):455. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090455
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio, Audrey Ansay, and Rita Chiesa. 2024. "Exploring University Students’ Career Resources Profiles to Cope with Career Insecurity and Promote Employability" Social Sciences 13, no. 9: 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090455