Turnover Intention among Staff Who Support Older Adults Living Alone in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Questionnaire Development
2.2.1. Step 1. Literature Review and Item Pool Creation
2.2.2. Step 2. Expert Committee Review
2.2.3. Step 3. Pilot Testing
2.2.4. Participant Characteristics and Experience
2.2.5. Thoughts on Supporting Older Adults Living Alone
2.2.6. Difficulties in Supporting Decision Making for Older Adults Living Alone
2.2.7. Support Activities not Included in Regular Duties but Provided as Needed
2.2.8. Confirming the Wishes and Intentions of Older Adults Living Alone to Support Decision Making
2.2.9. CGSC Staff Turnover Intention
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Relationship between Turnover Intention, Basic Attributes, and Support for Older Adults Living Alone
3.3. Factors Associated with Turnover Intention Among CGSC Staff
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Turnover Intention | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Item | Category | Total | No | Yes | ||||
N | % | n | % | n | % | p Value | ||
Participant characteristics and experience | ||||||||
Age | <45 | 78 | 42.6 | 26 | 33.3 | 52 | 66.7 | 0.155 |
≥45 | 105 | 57.4 | 25 | 23.8 | 80 | 76.2 | ||
Years of experience | <7 | 108 | 59.0 | 32 | 29.6 | 76 | 70.4 | 0.524 |
≥7 | 75 | 41.0 | 19 | 25.3 | 56 | 74.7 | ||
Sex | Male | 76 | 41.5 | 21 | 27.6 | 55 | 72.4 | 0.952 |
Female | 107 | 58.5 | 30 | 28.0 | 77 | 72.0 | ||
Healthcare and social care qualifications | Nurse, Public health nurse | 45 | 24.6 | 14 | 31.1 | 31 | 68.9 | 0.571 |
Nurse | 14 | 7.7 | 5 | 35.7 | 9 | 64.3 | ||
Public health nurse | 31 | 16.9 | 9 | 29.0 | 22 | 71.0 | ||
Social worker, Care manager supervisor, Other | 138 | 75.4 | 37 | 26.8 | 101 | 73.2 | ||
Social worker | 70 | 38.3 | 24 | 34.3 | 46 | 65.7 | ||
Care manager supervisor | 63 | 34.4 | 13 | 20.6 | 50 | 79.4 | ||
Other | 5 | 2.7 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
Turnover Intention | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Item | Category | Total | No | Yes | ||||
N | % | n | % | n | % | p Value | ||
Thoughts on Supporting Older Adults Living Alone | ||||||||
Do you feel unwilling to support older adults living alone? | No | 56 | 30.6 | 23 | 41.1 | 33 | 58.9 | 0.008 |
Yes | 127 | 69.4 | 28 | 22.0 | 99 | 78.0 | ||
Do you think that taking on cases involving older adults living alone will increase your workload outside of your regular duties? | No | 43 | 23.5 | 16 | 37.2 | 27 | 62.8 | 0.118 |
Yes | 140 | 76.5 | 35 | 25.0 | 105 | 75.0 | ||
Do you think that the older adults living alone you are responsible for have the ability and motivation to live independently? | No | 8 | 4.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 8 | 100.0 | 0.108 * |
Yes | 175 | 95.6 | 51 | 29.1 | 124 | 70.9 | ||
Do you think you are able to fully respect the wishes of the older adults living alone you are responsible for? | No | 7 | 3.8 | 1 | 14.3 | 6 | 85.7 | 0.414 * |
Yes | 176 | 96.2 | 50 | 28.4 | 126 | 71.6 | ||
Difficulties in Supporting Decision Making for Older Adults Living Alone | ||||||||
Difficulty communicating with older adults living alone | No | 30 | 16.4 | 6 | 20.0 | 24 | 80.0 | 0.293 |
Yes | 153 | 83.6 | 45 | 29.4 | 108 | 70.6 | ||
Difficulty understanding older adults’ thoughts and feelings about living alone | No | 16 | 8.7 | 3 | 18.8 | 13 | 81.3 | 0.394 |
Yes | 167 | 91.3 | 48 | 28.7 | 119 | 71.3 | ||
Difficulty discerning older adults’ true intentions | No | 28 | 15.3 | 5 | 17.9 | 23 | 82.1 | 0.199 |
Yes | 155 | 84.7 | 46 | 29.7 | 419 | 270.3 | ||
Difficulty providing support for older adults who are apathetic | No | 56 | 30.6 | 15 | 26.8 | 41 | 73.2 | 0.828 |
Yes | 127 | 69.4 | 36 | 28.3 | 91 | 71.7 | ||
Difficulty responding to situations in which the wishes of family members take precedence over the wishes of the older adult | No | 27 | 14.8 | 4 | 14.8 | 23 | 85.2 | 0.101 |
Yes | 156 | 85.2 | 47 | 30.1 | 109 | 69.9 | ||
Difficulty coping with older adults’ declining cognitive function | No | 14 | 7.7 | 8 | 57.1 | 6 | 42.9 | 0.025 * |
Yes | 169 | 92.3 | 43 | 25.4 | 126 | 74.6 | ||
Difficulty coping with older adults’ personality changes | No | 69 | 37.7 | 20 | 29.0 | 49 | 71.0 | 0.793 |
Yes | 114 | 62.3 | 31 | 27.2 | 83 | 72.8 | ||
Difficulty responding to older adults’ refusal to use care services | No | 40 | 21.9 | 11 | 27.5 | 29 | 72.5 | 0.953 |
Yes | 143 | 78.1 | 40 | 28.0 | 103 | 72.0 | ||
Difficulty responding to older adults’ refusal of neighborhood watch support | No | 50 | 27.3 | 17 | 34.0 | 33 | 66.0 | 0.257 |
Yes | 133 | 72.7 | 34 | 25.6 | 99 | 74.4 | ||
Difficulty addressing older adults’ financial vulnerability | No | 20 | 10.9 | 5 | 25.0 | 15 | 75.0 | 0.762 |
Yes | 163 | 89.1 | 16 | 9.8 | 117 | 71.8 | ||
Difficulty providing support in cases where there is no home doctor available for older adults living alone | No | 76 | 41.5 | 27 | 35.5 | 49 | 64.5 | 0.052 |
Yes | 107 | 58.5 | 24 | 22.4 | 83 | 77.6 |
Item | Category | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Limit | Upper Limit | ||||
Age | ≥45/<45 | 1.804 | 0.880 | 3.697 | 0.107 |
Years of experience | ≥7/<7 | 0.943 | 0.462 | 1.925 | 0.873 |
Sex | Female/Male | 1.106 | 0.498 | 2.458 | 0.804 |
Healthcare and social care qualifications | Social worker, Care manager supervisor, Other/Nurse, Public health nurse | 1.024 | 0.418 | 2.511 | 0.958 |
Do you feel unwilling to support older adults living alone? | Yes/No | 2.921 | 1.411 | 6.043 | 0.004 |
Difficulty coping with older adults’ declining cognitive function | Yes/No | 5.177 | 1.573 | 16.785 | 0.007 |
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Nakai, H.; Ishii, K.; Sagino, T. Turnover Intention among Staff Who Support Older Adults Living Alone in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Soc. Sci. 2024, 13, 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090463
Nakai H, Ishii K, Sagino T. Turnover Intention among Staff Who Support Older Adults Living Alone in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Social Sciences. 2024; 13(9):463. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090463
Chicago/Turabian StyleNakai, Hisao, Kuniko Ishii, and Takako Sagino. 2024. "Turnover Intention among Staff Who Support Older Adults Living Alone in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study" Social Sciences 13, no. 9: 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090463