Cultivating Joy and Mindfulness in Social Work: Enhancing Well-Being and Resilience Through Positive Reflection and Practice

Abstract

The article explores joy experienced by social workers—an area often overshadowed by research focused on burnout and emotional strain. Drawing from a selection of nearly 400 “bonsai stories” (an extremely concise form of reflective writing) collected through international workshops, the article identifies common sources of joy, including successful interventions, client trust, gratitude, and collaborative achievements. These bonsai stories were produced using Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle, meaning they emerged from a process of in-depth reflection guided by this structured framework, which promotes systematic analysis and an understanding of professional experiences. The article underscores how reflective practices on joy can act as a counterbalance to professional challenges, reducing stress and burnout while enhancing resilience. Further, it hypothesises that by integrating these reflective practices with mindfulness techniques, social workers can cultivate deeper emotional awareness and present-moment focus, creating a synergistic framework for professional and personal growth. The study calls for practitioners and organisations to foster environments that support joy, mindfulness, and reflective practices, contributing to a more resilient workforce and improved service quality. These insights not only expand knowledge in an underexplored area but also provide practical strategies to enhance the motivation and emotional well-being of social workers in a demanding field.

1. Introduction

The themes of mindfulness, reflective practice, and joy are vital not only for enhancing the professional practices of social workers but also for fostering their well-being. Structured reflection on their experiences provides opportunities for learning and developing tools to better manage the challenges inherent in such an emotionally demanding profession.

To set the stage, this introduction briefly distinguishes mindfulness and reflective practice, a distinction that will be further explored in the article, particularly in relation to how mindfulness may emerge within reflective practices and its implications for social work.

Expanding on this distinction, the article examines joy in social work—an underexplored yet essential resource for resilience and professional satisfaction. Although the current literature on the subject is limited, it identifies joy as a vital resource for enhancing resilience, emotional energy, and professional satisfaction. Similarly, mindfulness has been recognised as a key factor in cultivating emotional regulation and present-moment awareness, which can further support the positive effects of joy in social work practice. This article seeks to expand this body of knowledge by investigating how structured reflection and reflective writing centred on joyful experiences can highlight their significance. Such practices not only enable social workers to acknowledge the positive impact of joy on their well-being but also equip them with strategies to mitigate stress and burnout, ultimately fostering more effective helping processes and improved support for service users.

To explore these concepts in practice, this study examines reflective writing by social workers on their professional experiences of joy, gathered during training workshops that incorporated two reflective practice tools: Gibbs’s Reflexivity Cycle (Gibbs 1988) and bonsai stories, a concise form of reflective writing (Sicora 2018). Although no mindfulness strategies were explicitly introduced during the training, the findings reveal that some social workers spontaneously engaged in mindful reflection, particularly when recalling joyful experiences. This, in turn, appears to foster greater present-moment awareness. This is consistent with the notion that joy, like all emotions, has both a cognitive component, which aligns with reflective practice, and a bodily dimension, which corresponds to the role of physiological processes in emotions (American Psychological Association 2015) and the paradigm of embodied cognition (Varela et al. 2017; Wong and Vinsky 2021).

After introducing the concepts of mindfulness, reflective practice, and joy, the article outlines the methodologies employed to generate the findings presented in this study. The results section follows, highlighting key insights into how social workers experience and reflect on moments of joy. The discussion section builds on these findings, emphasising the importance of reflecting on joyful experiences at all levels—both individually and collectively—as a means of enhancing social work practice. Finally, the article concludes by reaffirming the essential role of joy, mindfulness, and reflective practice in promoting the well-being of social workers and improving the quality of the services they provide.

1.1. Mindfulness and Reflective Practice: Distinctions, Connections, and Complementary Roles in Professional Growth

It is useful to begin by distinguishing between mindfulness and reflective practice. Mindfulness refers to a set of practices aimed at cultivating awareness of one’s thoughts, bodily sensations, emotions, and the surrounding environment. It is characterised by a non-judgmental and intentional focus on the present moment, often employing techniques such as meditation and bodily awareness (Kabat-Zinn 2003; Maddock et al. 2024). In contrast, reflective practice involves critically evaluating one’s actions, experiences, and decisions, primarily within a professional context, with the aim of improving practice by connecting theory to practice and vice versa (Fook 2015; Wong and Vinsky 2021). The acronym ERA (Experience, Reflection, and Action), proposed by Jasper (2003), effectively captures the circular nature of reflective practice and its impact on professional development. This applies not only to technical aspects, such as achieving professional goals, but also to ethical and deontological dimensions (Bruce 2013). Reflective practice is supported by a variety of tools, including smart questions, reflective frameworks, and reflective writing (Sicora 2017). In this article, several brief written narratives—produced as part of reflective processes by social workers during continuing professional education initiatives—will be presented as examples.

While the two concepts share a common focus on enhancing self-awareness and professional growth, particularly in fostering awareness of both internal and external experiences and present-moment engagement (Maddock 2024a; Schön 1983) as well as supporting emotional regulation and reducing judgment (Shapiro et al. 2006), as mentioned above, they differ in their purposes and methods. While these practices can complement and reinforce each other, they serve distinct functions in personal and professional development.

Building on this distinction, mindfulness in social work is both a practice and a social construct, recognised as a present-moment awareness technique that fosters self-awareness, emotional regulation, and overall well-being. It can be integrated into social work as a self-care strategy, an intervention, or a means of strengthening relationships with service users (Lynn and Mensinga 2015). In contrast, reflective practice provides a structured framework for critically analysing experiences and refining professional practice within the broader institutional and ethical landscape of social work (Bruce 2013). Together, these approaches may support both personal resilience and professional development, offering complementary pathways to enhance effectiveness in social work practice.

Schön’s (1983) distinction between reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action offers insight into some of the connections between the two concepts, despite their differences. Reflection-in-action involves real-time awareness of what is happening, as well as the reasoning behind professional decisions and their outcomes. This aligns closely with certain aspects of mindfulness, particularly its emphasis on staying grounded in the present moment. In contrast, reflection-on-action is more aligned with reflective practice, as it focuses on retrospective analysis aimed at refining and improving future actions. This distinction highlights how mindfulness and reflective practice, while distinct, can complement each other in fostering awareness and professional growth.

1.2. The Role of Mindfulness in Cultivating Joy

A bibliographic search was conducted using Scopus to identify articles with the words “mindfulness” and “joy” in the title. The search included publications from 2010 to 2024. The analysis revealed that, in the titles of scientific articles, mindfulness co-occurs with happiness fifty-eight times, whereas it appears with joy only five times, indicating a tenfold higher association with happiness in the academic literature.

This disproportion is not easy to explain and might reflect a greater tendency to associate mindfulness with a lasting state rather than with a transient and intense emotional state. Indeed, joy is a powerful emotional state of contentment, and like all emotions, it is characterised by temporariness. In contrast, happiness is broader and more stable, encompassing joy, satisfaction, and well-being as a sustained mental and emotional balance (American Psychological Association 2015).

It is interesting to note that in the first case, where mindfulness is associated with happiness, the most frequently explored topics include the role of mindfulness in self-esteem and emotional stability (Bajaj et al. 2019), its effects on productivity and job satisfaction (Coo and Salanova 2018), its benefits for physical health (Zarifsanaiey et al. 2020), and its application in digital technologies (Howells et al. 2016). Recent research indicates that mindfulness enhances well-being by fostering a sense of purpose in life and engagement in meaningful activities, which in turn contributes to greater happiness and reduced anxiety and depression (Crego et al. 2021). This suggests that mindfulness does not only facilitate momentary emotional states but also supports a deeper sense of fulfilment and direction, reinforcing its impact on overall well-being.

On the other hand, in the second case, where mindfulness is linked to joy, the most frequently discussed topics include its role in early childhood (Erwin and Robinson 2016), its impact in the workplace (Chang 2020; Goldman-Schuyler et al. 2018), its role in education (Harris 2017), and its contribution to managing social media use (Chan et al. 2022).

While mindfulness is more often explored in connection with happiness, certain practices are specifically designed to cultivate joy. How does mindfulness foster joy? Appreciative Joy Meditation (AJM), a Buddhist practice centred on rejoicing in others’ happiness, offers a structured approach to nurturing joy. By counteracting envy and promoting prosocial attitudes, AJM enhances well-being and fosters positive emotions. Research highlights its effectiveness in increasing life satisfaction, reducing negative emotions, and cultivating a deep sense of calm and contentment (Zeng et al. 2017, 2019; Zheng et al. 2025).

More broadly, mindfulness serves as a process for cultivating joy through intention, which aligns actions with meaningful values; attention, which enhances present-moment awareness; and attitude, which nurtures kindness, curiosity, and compassion. Neuroscientific evidence suggests that mindfulness rewires the brain, reinforcing the processing of positive emotions such as gratitude and joy (Shapiro 2020). Specifically, mindfulness interventions produce both short- and long-term effects. Immediately, they enhance positive emotions and reduce negative attitudes (Zheng et al. 2025).

In the professional domain, mindfulness enhances work engagement, boosting vigour, dedication, and motivation (Chang 2020). It also supports self-compassion, strengthening resilience and reducing stress (Shapiro 2020). Additionally, mindfulness fosters social connections, reinforcing relationships and collective well-being (Zheng et al. 2025; Shapiro 2020). These findings underscore mindfulness as a transformative practice that enhances both personal and social flourishing.

1.3. The Role of Joy in Social Work: A Path to Resilience, Fulfilment, and Professional Growth

Although social workers focus on promoting the well-being of their clients, they often fail to extend the same level of attention to themselves (Jackson 2014). This neglect is reflected in the limited consideration given to the joyful experiences they encounter in their work. Such moments of joy are frequently taken for granted, and there is little structured reflection on their significance, both in terms of learning from these experiences and identifying them as potential resources to counteract the frustration often present in social work practice (Pooler et al. 2014a).

Joy plays a pivotal role in emotionally demanding professions like social work, fostering resilience, meaningful relationships, and the emotional energy required to address challenges. By enhancing practitioners’ well-being, joy also contributes to improved outcomes for individuals and communities (Cottrell 2016). However, the literature on joy in social work remains limited.

Among the few available studies, Pooler et al.’s (2014a, 2014b) study stands out for its importance. Pooler et al. differentiate between two key dimensions of joy in social work: interpersonal joy, which arises from connections with clients, colleagues, and societal impact, and intrapersonal joy, rooted in alignment with personal values, self-reflection, and professional identity. Reflecting on these joyful experiences revitalises motivation and emotional energy. Similarly, (Rizzo 2019) identifies six key scenarios that elicit joy for social workers: trust-based relationships, improving organisational systems, witnessing client progress, receiving expressions of gratitude, overcoming challenges, and achieving successful outcomes. These findings align with Pooler et al.’s framework, as they emphasise both the relational and self-affirming aspects of joy in social work practice.

Studies by Panzer (2015) and Matorin and Whitney (2015) further reinforce the link between joy, personal fulfilment, and resilience, emphasising that witnessing client progress and fostering meaningful relationships are significant sources of satisfaction. Their work expands on Rizzo’s (2019) scenarios by illustrating how professional fulfilment emerges from both external validation and internal meaning-making. Building on this perspective, Wolfer et al. (2022) advocate for practices such as self-care, setting boundaries, and cultivating supportive relationships as essential strategies to sustain joy and prevent burnout. Their recommendations provide a practical application of previous findings, highlighting how social workers can actively nurture and protect their sense of joy amidst professional challenges.

Additionally, Watson and Hoefer (2016) explore the role of joy in leadership, highlighting the satisfaction derived from driving organisational change and celebrating team achievements. Shier and Graham (2015) link happiness to supportive work environments and alignment with social justice values, emphasising the importance of ethical and meaningful professional engagement. Moreover, O’Connor (2020) and Gioia (2015) stress the role of emotional awareness and reflection, noting how positive emotions, including joy, love, and happiness, enhance well-being and strengthen professional connections. Finally, Chernus (2013) reflects on the blend of challenges and rewards in social work, highlighting the profound satisfaction of witnessing client growth despite the emotional toll of the profession.

These insights collectively demonstrate that joy in social work stems from both external relationships and internal alignment with values. By fostering joy through self-care, reflection, and meaningful connections, social workers can sustain resilience and remain committed to this demanding yet deeply rewarding profession.

2. Materials and Methods

The author of this article conducted approximately forty workshops between 2019 and 2024, both in person and online, involving social workers from Italy, the United Kingdom, Israel, South Africa, and the United States. These workshops utilised Ekman’s (2016) classification of emotions, which identifies five core emotions (in alphabetical order: anger, disgust, fear, joy, and sadness). These emotions were selected because, in Ekman’s research, which involved hundreds of experts within the psychological research community, they have been recognised as the most widely agreed-upon basic emotions. His findings have garnered broad expert consensus in psychology, and these emotions have even gained pop-cultural recognition, most notably inspiring the popular animated film “Inside Out” (Docter 2015). Alongside this classification, the workshops incorporated two specific reflective practice tools: Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle (Gibbs 1988) and a concise form of reflective writing termed “bonsai stories” (Sicora 2018). The workshops aimed to demonstrate the reflective potential of emotions and how they could guide social workers toward deeper professional insights and learning.

The average attendance at each workshop ranged from a minimum of 15 participants to a maximum of 200 (in a single online session). Typically, attendance was between 30 and 40 participants per session. In total, more than 1500 social workers engaged in reflective work on emotionally charged professional experiences. Participants represented a diverse range of national backgrounds, genders, professional roles, and organisational settings. This diversity was largely due to the high number of attendees from different national contexts. However, no specific data were collected on participants’ individual profiles.

Following a brief introduction explaining the structure and purpose of the workshops, participants were invited to work in pairs. One participant shared a professional experience with a strong emotional component, deemed significant and meaningful, while the other actively listened, guided by the questions outlined in Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle (Gibbs 1988). This reflective tool comprises 33 questions divided into six groups:

• Description: focusing on the detailed sequence of events in the situation being analysed.
• Feelings: exploring the emotions and thoughts experienced before, during, and after the event.
• Evaluation: identifying and assessing the positive and negative aspects of the experience, considering its impact.
• Analysis: extracting lessons and insights from the experience, including understanding the underlying dynamics of the event, both in its unfolding and its outcomes.
• Conclusion: reflecting on alternative actions or approaches that could have been taken to achieve a better outcome.
• Action Plan: outlining strategies or responses to apply in similar situations that may arise in the future.

Participants were also encouraged to add a final question: “What can I learn from this episode and the hidden message within the emotion I felt?”

At the conclusion of each exchange, participants distilled their experiences into just 160 characters, a process that compelled them to capture the essence of the event and the insights it offered. These concise narratives were termed “bonsai stories” because they encapsulate the core elements of a more extensive narrative, much like a bonsai tree in miniature contains all the essential components of a full-sized tree—roots, trunk, branches, and leaves. The brevity of bonsai stories ensured both reflective depth and privacy by omitting personal details (Sicora 2018). Crafting bonsai stories required participants to invest adequate time to identify and focus on the most relevant elements and the underlying dynamics of the event. While this level of depth was not always achieved, participants were encouraged to include, even in such extreme brevity, the most significant insight or learning that emerged from their reflective process.

Participants had the freedom to decide whether to share their stories, which helped cultivate an open and collaborative atmosphere. This method not only facilitated the exploration of often-stigmatised emotions, such as fear and anger, but also nurtured a sense of shared journey, creating pathways for collective learning and mutual understanding.

The materials produced during the initial part of the workshops became a central focus for collective reflection in their later stages, serving as a powerful catalyst for dialogue among practitioners and fostering mutual learning. Over time, it became clear that these narratives, along with the discussions they sparked, allowed participants to uncover recurring themes in experiences shaped by the five core emotions previously described.

Some workshops addressed all five core emotions previously mentioned, while others focused specifically on particular emotions, such as joy. With participants’ consent, the material gathered during these sessions was made available for research and education purposes, contributing valuable insights to this relatively underexplored field.

The bonsai stories presented in the following section were selected from a collection of nearly 400 narratives gathered during the workshops, each identified by its author as an experience of joy. Each story is labelled with a unique code that denotes the associated emotion (in this article, focused solely on joy, the code is always “J”), the nationality of the social worker (e.g., “IT” for Italy, “UK” for the United Kingdom, and so on) who authored it, and a sequential identifier.

These narratives were analysed using a grounded theory approach, a methodology that emphasises immersion in the data without preconceived hypotheses, allowing for the development of coherent concepts and ideas (Gilgun 2010; Ghirotto 2019). In line with this approach, the coding process was carried out in three successive phases. First, an open analysis was conducted to identify the main categories used by the authors of the bonsai stories to represent their emotionally significant experiences. Subsequently, the coding process focused on organising these categories into macro-categories, linking them together to develop a more abstract conceptualisation model. In the final phase, these conceptualisations were integrated to outline a broader framework of the circumstances that foster joy among social workers.

The bonsai stories were then thematically grouped to identify the situations most closely associated with joy in social work practice. This thematic organisation provided valuable insights into the factors that generate joy, contributing to a deeper understanding of well-being within this demanding profession. The resulting macro-categories also served as the foundation for structuring Section 3: Results, guiding the definition of its various subsections. This approach facilitated a transition from a purely descriptive analysis to a more structured and comprehensive interpretation of the phenomenon under study.

3. Results

A selection of bonsai stories, collected using the methodology outlined in the previous section, is presented here to illustrate some of the most common sources of joy experienced by social workers. These narratives are occasionally enhanced by insights gained through reflection on the events.

First, a series of stories is introduced that highlight elements of mindfulness in relation to experiences of joy. These stories showcase how moments of awareness, presence, and reflection contribute to meaningful and fulfilling experiences for social workers. Subsequently, additional stories (Section 3.2, Section 3.3, Section 3.4 and Section 3.5) are presented, each emphasising specific sources of joy, such as patience, gratitude, shared joy, and collaboration between professionals and organisations. Finally, the last sections focus on joy within two specific professional contexts in social work: child and family social work (Section 3.6) and supporting individuals with health challenges and disabilities, including elderly people (Section 3.7). These areas of practice present unique challenges and rewards, offering further insight into how social workers find meaning and satisfaction in their work.

Together, these stories provide a vivid and comprehensive portrayal of the primary sources of joy for social workers, capturing the richness and diversity of their experiences in a meaningful and insightful way. They contribute to a deeper understanding of the sources of joy in social work by presenting real-life situations drawn from professional practice. Although these accounts were not collected based on representativeness criteria, they still offer a broad and valuable perspective on the common theme that unites them—the joy experienced by social workers.

3.1. Mindfulness in Moments of Joy: Navigating Emotions and Relationships and Enhancing Body Awareness

Although, as previously noted, no explicit reference was made to mindfulness during the workshops, it is interesting to observe how some of its key elements emerge to varying degrees in several of the collected bonsai stories. These references primarily relate to the themes of emotional regulation and body awareness.

The first of the five stories presented in this section was written by a social worker who, instead of reacting to the caller’s anger, practiced attentive listening and respected silences. The result was a transformed conversation that ended with gratitude.

“Handling a difficult phone call: I had a challenging call with a very angry person. By listening and respecting silences, I managed to engage with her. To my surprise and joy, she thanked me and wished me well at the end of the call.”

(J-IT-54)

The recognition of the moment of connection and acceptance of emotion without filters is evident in the following account. The social worker reflects not only on the flow of positive communication created but also on the value of authenticity in the helping relationship.

“Child’s hug in the library: I met the daughter of parents who had experienced severe abuse. She hugged me in the library, creating a flow of positive communication from the parents to the child and from the child to me. This rare experience underscored the importance of authenticity in relationships and inspired me to seek more spontaneity in future interactions while maintaining professional boundaries.”

(J-IT-15)

While the previous two stories focused primarily on relational aspects, the following story is particularly relevant to the acceptance of suffering—specifically sadness—without judgment, awareness of the transitory nature of emotions, and the experience of finding joy even in difficult moments. This reflection is especially valuable for professionals working in emotionally intense and demanding environments, where compassion fatigue is a common challenge.

“Service user in mental health crisis due to grief, domestic violence, discovers terminally ill, joy of social worker in challenging system to secure hospice placement. Joy can be felt even in times of sadness and despite overall outcome being sad. Honour felt in sharing last hours with client and dignity in death. Excellent relationship with client, supported service user’s wishes, in future would share with colleagues what worked well and positives in end-of-life care.”

(J-EN-15)

Finally, the following two stories emphasise body awareness, a core component of mindfulness. In the first story, the social worker states that the joy she felt filled not just her mind but her entire body, highlighting the embodied nature of joy. In the second story, the experience of witnessing the childbirth of an immigrant Nigerian woman is described as an intense bodily emotion, comparable to motherhood itself. The social worker expresses a deep connection with the emotional experience and a total presence in the moment. The experience is so transformative that it becomes the decisive factor in the choice not to leave her job.

“Patient’s gratitude: Two weeks ago, a patient told me during one of our initial sessions, after sharing how she had lost her job while caring for her gravely ill father, who later passed away: ‘Thank you. In recent months, despair had brought me to the point of considering ending my life because I couldn’t see a way out. You’ve rekindled my hope that life can go on.’ The joy I felt filled not just my mind but my entire body, lasting throughout the day. I told myself, ‘Well, I do serve a purpose!’”

(J-IT-49)

“Witnessing a birth: Supporting a Nigerian woman during childbirth became the most significant moment of my career. She was culturally opposed to a C-section, which would have implied failure in her community. The situation escalated, and the doctors allowed me to mediate in the operating room. I convinced her and her partner of the procedure’s importance in just 20 min. Witnessing the baby’s birth brought unparalleled joy, comparable to the sensation of motherhood. This experience came as I was considering leaving my job, ultimately giving me the push to start a new chapter elsewhere.”

(J-IT-60)

3.2. The Power of Patience and Trust: Transformative Journeys in Social Work

The following stories highlight the importance of patience, relationship-building, and empowerment in social work. Establishing trust and fostering resilience in clients can be a transformative process, often requiring sustained effort and emotional investment.

For instance, working with a young boy who had been in foster care since infancy posed significant challenges. His foster family, unable to manage his needs, sought an alternative solution, leading to his placement in a care facility. Initially, he struggled with the transition, frequently calling his social worker in distress. However, over time, patience and consistent support helped him find stability.

“14-year-old boy in foster care since he was three months old. The foster family could no longer handle him and asked for an alternative solution. The minor was placed in a facility. After three months in which he called me crying and asking to come home, finally, when I asked him how are you? He answered well! A feeling of satisfaction despite the awareness that the road to travel with him is still long.”

(J-IT-28)

This story illustrates the emotional turbulence of such transitions but also the significance of patience and stability in helping children adapt to new environments and develop resilience.

Similarly, building trust is a delicate process that demands persistence and empathy. One practitioner recounted the moment when a client, initially hesitant, finally opened and became fully engaged in the support process.

“Felt great joy after a client was able to establish trust in me and fully engage in therapy. My experience reinforced the need for my own patience in the process of helping.”

(J-USA-05)

This breakthrough highlights how patience and unwavering support can ultimately empower individuals to embrace the healing process, making it more effective.

Empowerment is also essential in helping individuals escape harmful relationships and rebuild their lives. One practitioner described their experience of assisting a client in leaving a toxic relationship and starting anew.

“My client was able to break free from a long toxic relationship and start a new life with a new partner. Joyful feelings because the client had learned coping skills from our sessions, and this will have a positive impact on his children.”

(J-USA-21)

This story underscores the long-term impact of social work, not only on individuals but also on their families. The right support can foster generational change, helping clients and their loved ones create more stable lives.

The significance of perseverance and unwavering commitment when working with individuals who have endured particularly difficult pasts is also highlighted in the following story, which exemplifies the profound impact of social work—not only providing shelter but also offering hope and laying the foundation for a brighter future.

“Joy: Assigning housing to a 22-year-old girl following abuse and a challenging adoption. The house was beautiful, and both she and we were thrilled. It was proof that even those with difficult histories can grow and thrive.”

(J-IT-18)

Finally, even small, everyday activities can play a crucial role in strengthening relationships and fostering trust. A seemingly simple act, such as baking a cake together, became a powerful bonding moment between a social worker and a young person.

“Improved relationship and trust with a young person. Baked a cake for charity, and she was very happy. I felt joy at the end of the activity that we had improved our relationship.”

(J-UK-04)

This highlights how shared experiences, even those that appear minor, can lay the foundation for deeper connections, reinforcing the importance of finding creative and personalised ways to build trust and rapport.

These narratives collectively illustrate that social work is a journey of patience, resilience, and meaningful engagement. Through consistent support and empathy, practitioners can help individuals navigate complex challenges and build pathways toward stability and empowerment.

3.3. Gratitude in Social Work: A Reflection of Lasting Impact

The following stories highlight how social workers find joy in witnessing the transformative impact of their efforts and relationships. Expressions of gratitude from service users serve as powerful reminders of the lasting value of their work, reinforcing the deep connections they build. Whether through a heartfelt message, a token of appreciation, or a long-overdue reunion, these moments affirm the significance of presence, relational trust, and commitment in fostering resilience and positive change.

One social worker recounted the unexpected yet deeply rewarding encounter with a former service user, a young mother who had initially struggled with anger and frustration. Years after their professional relationship ended, the mother sought out her former social worker to share her personal growth.

“A young mother from a family with multiple challenges, whose partner, a foreigner, had a history of drug-dealing convictions, initially expressed anger and frustration. Over several years, we worked on a project together, but I concluded my involvement due to a new position. About seven years later, she met me by chance, greeted me warmly, hugged me, thanked me, and shared her progress and changes, filling me with joy.”

(J-IT-11)

Similarly, small yet meaningful gestures can reaffirm the positive influence social workers have on those they support. One professional described how receiving a simple Christmas present and card from a service user evoked mixed emotions—both gratitude and a sense of responsibility.

“Service user gifted me a Christmas present and Christmas card. This made me feel valued and joy/happiness. Made me feel as though I had made a positive impact on the service user and our relationship. Also made me feel guilty for taking their gift as they had spent their own money on it. Made me thankful to work with the service user.”

(J-UK-07)

Also related to Christmas is the following story, in which the gratitude expressed by a foster family during a critical moment of crisis demonstrates the profound effect of timely intervention. A social worker shared how an unexpected Christmas gift from the family reaffirmed the impact of their support.

“Christmas gift from a foster family: A family I supported to prevent a breakdown during a crisis gave me an unexpected Christmas gift. Their gratitude confirmed the effectiveness of my intervention, leaving me with a sense of well-being and confidence in my abilities. Lesson learned: trust in our potential.”

(J-IT-56)

This final story illustrates how the presence and consistency of social workers can profoundly shape the paths of individuals seeking a second chance. One professional shared their experience of working with a minor involved in crime and how their relationship played a pivotal role in his successful rehabilitation. This account underscores that a structured intervention alone is not enough—consistent support and relational trust are equally crucial in fostering positive outcomes.

“Minor who committed the crime of theft, successful recovery path, with a diploma from a professional plumber course. My joy was when the minor thanked me but also scolded me for not having met me more often. It reminded me how important presence, the relationship, as well as the project are.”

(J-IT-30)

Together, these stories highlight the deep joy social workers experience when witnessing the positive transformations they help bring about. Whether through lasting relationships, small acts of kindness, or words of appreciation, these expressions of gratitude not only spark joy but also serve as powerful motivators, reinforcing the vital role of social workers in fostering meaningful change.

3.4. Sharing Joy: The Ripple Effect of Joy in Social Work

The stories in this section highlight how social workers experience joy not only through moments of gratitude from service users but also by witnessing and sharing in the joy of individuals whose lives have been positively transformed through their support. Unlike the previous section, where expressions of appreciation were central, here the focus is on how social workers themselves are uplifted by the joy of those they assist. This emotion is often contagious, arising from seeing relief, hope, and renewed possibilities in the lives of those they support. These experiences reveal the profound effect of shared joy in fostering resilience and strengthening relationships, demonstrating how small yet meaningful interactions can create lasting change.

One social worker described their first day on the job, where a simple afternoon activity became an unexpectedly joyful and transformative moment. Engaging in singing and dancing with clients created an immediate sense of connection:

“First day, new job. Not met any clients. Afternoon activity—singing, dancing. Joy at seeing clients laughing, enjoyment. Great introduction & icebreaker.”

(J-UK-03)

This experience underscores the power of shared activities in breaking barriers and building trust, illustrating how even light-hearted moments can set a positive foundation for deeper engagement.

Similarly, witnessing a child transition from pain to happiness may be a very rewarding aspect of social work. One professional recalled the moment they informed an 11-year-old girl in residential care—who had endured neglect, abandonment, and abuse—that a foster family had been found for her.

“An 11-year-old girl in residential care due to neglect, abandonment, abuse, and mistreatment. I informed her that a foster family had been found, as decided by the judge. She smiled, let out a joyful scream, and asked if she could roll on the grass in the park where we met. I said, ’Of course!’ Watching her run, roll, and laugh filled me with immense joy. It was a moment of hope and pride in having supported her through her pain and helping her find a loving future.”

(J-IT-26)

This moment encapsulates the transformative power of hope, showing how social workers can play a pivotal role in helping children find stability, love, and a future filled with possibility. The worker’s own joy was deeply connected to witnessing the child’s newfound happiness, reinforcing the idea that the positive emotions of service users can profoundly affect those who support them.

Beyond personal transformation, social work also entails advocating for stability and security in times of hardship. One social worker shared their experience of helping a vulnerable individual avoid eviction, highlighting the crucial role of steadfast support and institutional involvement. Their story underscores how advocacy and systemic support are essential in preventing crises, demonstrating that social workers provide not only immediate relief but also long-term stability for those in need. In this case, the worker was deeply moved not just by the individual’s gratitude, but by the visible relief and joy they experienced.

“Joy: I received a hug together with tears of joy, for having helped a single, very fragile person to avoid an executive eviction for serious arrears, it made me reflect and understand the importance of always being there no matter what. Central role of local institutions.”

(J-IT-43)

The narratives of this section demonstrate that the joy found in social work extends beyond individual moments, creating a ripple effect that fosters lasting positive change. Whether through shared laughter, renewed hope, or steadfast advocacy, these experiences showcase the deep satisfaction that comes from bringing comfort, security, and opportunity to service users. The ability to witness the tangible improvement in someone’s life and to share in their joy is one of the most profound sources of fulfilment for social workers.

3.5. The Joy of Collaboration: How Professional Relationships and Teamwork Foster Positive Change in Social Work

The micro-stories in this subsection emphasise the pivotal role of collaboration among professionals and organisations in driving joyful transformations. Meaningful relationships with colleagues and engagement within the broader social services network provide social workers with valuable support and shared joy in their efforts. Whether through the encouragement of a colleague, effective teamwork, or inter-agency cooperation, these stories illustrate how collaboration enhances both professional well-being and service effectiveness.

One social worker reflected on the significance of having a knowledgeable and supportive colleague when facing housing-related challenges for a service user. The exchange of expertise not only provided a solution but also reinforced the importance of mutual support in the workplace.

“Problems for man and housing with unsuitable property. Knowledge and advice of colleague provided joy at knowing something possible. Importance of colleague support for well-being. If rose again seek colleague advice sooner.”

(J-EN-19)

This highlights how collaboration fosters professional growth and reinforces the idea that seeking support from colleagues can lead to better outcomes and increased confidence.

Similarly, a sense of teamwork and shared purpose can create an environment where professionals feel connected and appreciated. One social worker described the joy of working in a medical clinic where collaboration led to improved paediatric health services and underscores the power of teamwork in social work, where mutual respect and collaboration contribute not only to improved services but also to personal fulfilment in the workplace.

“Joy—I felt connected to co-workers in a medical clinic I worked in. We collaborated as a team to improve services & pediatric health outcomes. The mutual appreciation & team work was one of my favorite parts of the job.”

(J-USA-06)

Beyond individual teamwork, larger collaborative projects also bring a deep sense of accomplishment. One practitioner recounted their experience participating in two significant working groups, which, despite challenges, ultimately led to a rewarding outcome.

“Participation in two working groups: drafting a memorandum of understanding and organizing a conference. These efforts required significant commitment, alternating between frustration and gratification. The joy came in seeing the final product and its positive impact.”

(J-IT-27)

This story demonstrates how perseverance in collaborative initiatives, even when demanding, can lead to impactful results that bring satisfaction and professional pride.

Inter-agency cooperation can also be key to facilitating long-term positive change. One social worker shared how collaboration between services helped create a successful inclusion strategy for a disabled adult. Their story highlights the significance of joint efforts in achieving social inclusion and ensuring that well-coordinated strategies lead to sustainable success.

“Joy for synergy in the work between services and having found the relational key for the inclusion of a disabled adult. Medium-term success confirms a good project.”

(J-IT-32)

Taken together, the stories in this section illustrate that joy in social work is not just about individual achievements but about the profound strength found in collaboration. They highlight how teamwork, professional relationships, and inter-agency cooperation create a supportive network that enhances both the effectiveness of interventions and the well-being of social workers themselves. By working together, professionals can share knowledge, build meaningful connections, and ultimately create better outcomes for the individuals and communities they serve.

3.6. The Joy of Child and Family Social Work: Transforming Lives Through Empathy and Commitment

The final two sections of the results explore specific instances of joy that social workers experience within distinct professional contexts, such as child and family social work and supporting individuals with health challenges and disabilities. This section delves into stories related to child and family social work, showcasing both its complexities and the profound moments of fulfilment it offers. These narratives illustrate the challenges and rewards of working with children and families, underscoring the crucial role of empathy, persistence, and intuition in creating opportunities for growth, resilience, and long-term well-being.

Understanding the perspectives of biological parents is essential, especially in cases of family reunification. One practitioner shared the joy of recommending a family for reunification, describing the experience as deeply fulfilling. In doing so, they highlight the emotional depth involved in child welfare decisions and the invaluable lessons gained from viewing situations through multiple perspectives.

“I was able to recommend a family for reunification. It was a wonderful experience because of the joy felt by all. I do not work for DSS [Department of Social Services] anymore, but it helped me learn bio parents’ perspective.”

(J-USA-08)

In another story, a social worker recounted the moment when, years after facilitating an adoption, a judge provided an update on the child’s successful integration into their new family.

“Years after a child protection intervention and subsequent adoption, the judge spontaneously updates me on the positive path undertaken by the new family formed. I feel light, I rejoice, I did well to trust my instinct, I have created an opportunity for growth for a little girl.”

(J-IT-37)

Similarly, beyond immediate interventions, the long-term success of children once in care is a profound source of satisfaction. The following story illustrates this, as one practitioner reflects on a case where children institutionalised due to their parents’ challenges later thrived professionally.

“Parents with disabilities: A couple with the mother facing psychiatric disabilities and the father struggling to accept her condition. Their children underwent a long institutionalization but are now successful professionals. The joy of having played a part in their journey is profound.”

(J-IT-59)

Judicial support for protective measures can also bring great relief. One professional shared their experience of advocating for a permanence order to safeguard a neglected child.

“Attend court to evidence why a permanence order was necessary. Child experienced accumulative neglect in parental care. Drug and alcohol continued in parents’ life. Joy when Permanence Order was agreed.”

(J-UK-01)

Another essential yet particularly complex aspect of child and family social work is securing stable housing for vulnerable families. One social worker recounted their experience of finding accommodation for a Roma family under their care.

“After a long and challenging search, I finally managed to find accommodation for a Roma family under my care and accompanied the mother, father, and their 8-month-old baby to their new home.”

(J-IT-08)

Together, these stories paint a picture of the transformative impact of child and family social work, demonstrating how dedication, insight, and empathy contribute to meaningful change in the lives of children and families. Despite its complexity and challenges, this field also offers great joy and deep satisfaction for social workers; as they witness the positive transformations, they help facilitate in the lives of those they support. They serve as reminders of both the complexity and the rewards inherent in the profession.

3.7. Finding Joy in Supporting Individuals with Health Challenges and Disabilities

For social workers, joy often arises from meaningful connections and the ability to provide impactful support, particularly when assisting individuals facing health-related challenges, disabilities, or the complexities of ageing. These moments of fulfilment emerge from easing burdens, fostering relief, and promoting dignity in difficult circumstances.

One such instance involved supporting an individual with a neurodegenerative condition. The following story illustrates the profound relief that well-structured interventions can provide to both individuals and their caregivers, helping them regain a sense of stability and hope. The emotional and logistical strain on their loved ones was overwhelming; yet, through coordinated support—such as respite care and access to a day centre—the social worker observed a remarkable transformation, easing burdens and restoring a sense of balance.

“A man with a neurodegenerative illness, a father, and a husband. The family was overwhelmed, seeking understanding and support. We arranged for respite care and a day centre, and now they are smiling and relieved. I feel joy in having helped them.”

(J-IT-10)

Similarly, ensuring that children with disabilities receive the right support in education is a deeply rewarding aspect of social work. One social worker shared the emotional journey of helping a young boy navigate his transition to high school after facing significant challenges.

“A young boy with severe disabilities had faced some negative experiences during his school journey. There was significant concern about his transition to high school, but everything went smoothly. I cried tears of joy during the end-of-year GLO [Operational Working Group for School Inclusion meeting] for the goals he achieved.”

(J-IT-42)

This story underscores the transformative power of persistence and inclusion, demonstrating how advocating for the needs of people with disabilities can lead to remarkable success and greater independence.

Beyond structured interventions, honouring the personal wishes of elderly individuals can bring great fulfilment. A social worker recalled the experience of helping an older adult fulfil their wish to remain in a familiar and comfortable environment until the end of their life.

“Elderly person alone and without children, with degenerative lung disease. Asks to be able to stay at home until the end. Joy for having achieved this last important wish together in a particularly burdensome moment. Importance of listening and welcoming the other, even if sometimes it is difficult to meet their requests.”

(J-IT-39)

This moment highlights the profound impact of empathy and attentiveness in ensuring dignity and autonomy for ageing individuals, reinforcing the importance of person-centred care.

Equally touching is the story of a terminally ill patient whose last wish was to experience a moment of celebration and unity. The social worker involved in making this possible reflected on the significance of even the smallest interventions.

“Joy in helping a terminally ill patient get married. Social workers don’t perform miracles, but even in limited time, they can be a resource. A terminal patient is not a ‘finished’ person.”

(J-IT-19)

To summarise, the stories of this section illuminate the deep satisfaction that social workers derive from their profession. Whether through securing vital services, advocating for accessibility and inclusion, or simply listening and honouring personal wishes, they create dignity and transformation, proving that even in the most challenging circumstances, joy and fulfilment can be found.

4. Discussion

4.1. Cultivating Joy in Social Work: Insights into Emotional Resilience and Professional Fulfilment

Feeling good at work involves experiencing satisfaction and joy—emotions that are far from guaranteed and require favourable conditions both personally and organisationally. What are the common sources of joy and satisfaction in social work? Under what circumstances do these emotions arise? What reflections can we draw from them?

The stories presented in the previous section shed light on key conditions that often give rise to joy in social work. By recognising and intentionally nurturing these conditions, it is possible to create more frequent opportunities for such joyful experiences, both at an individual and organisational level. Among the common sources of joy identified are the successful resolution of complex professional challenges, fostering trust with clients, receiving heartfelt gratitude from service users, and experiencing empathetic joy when witnessing clients overcome obstacles with the help of social services.

Hope, trust, and optimism are essential in social work, as they significantly boost motivation (O’Connor 2020). Similarly, surprise, especially when linked to unexpected positive outcomes, can amplify feelings of joy (Tsang 2013).

As already mentioned at the beginning of this article, despite the critical role joy plays, social work research often prioritises problematic aspects, such as burnout and emotional fatigue, over the positive emotions experienced by professionals. This oversight persists despite the profession’s core principle of recognising and reinforcing individuals’ strengths.

The narratives presented here highlight how joy develops and is fostered within social work, particularly through successful interventions. Joy arises when barriers are overcome, resilience and empowerment are nurtured in individuals and families, emotional connections are created, and trust is built. It also stems from observing the growth of service users and receiving their gratitude. Another significant source of joy comes from positive collaboration between different organisations, where collective efforts lead to meaningful and impactful outcomes.

Reflecting on joyful experiences strengthens social workers’ motivation and emotional well-being. This is particularly significant as it underscores the revitalising power of joy, replenishing energy and motivation, especially in contexts where the frustrations of the job may lead to stress or burnout. Reflecting on moments of joy acts as a buffer against these challenges, reaffirming the value and impact of social work.

These observations align with perspectives presented in the introduction, particularly regarding the sources of joy in social work, such as those highlighted by Rizzo (2019). They also resonate with the distinction made by Pooler et al. (2014a, 2014b) between interpersonal and intrapersonal sources of joy. Interpersonal joy arises from interactions with service users or colleagues, while intrapersonal joy emerges from integrating these experiences into one’s personal and professional growth journey. Together, these dimensions of joy provide a deeper understanding of how social workers can sustain resilience and find fulfilment in their demanding but rewarding profession.

4.2. The Value of Reflecting on Joyful Experiences

The reflective practice focused on joyful experiences holds profound value for the social work profession. It serves the following several purposes:

• Enhancing knowledge: these reflections provide a deeper understanding of the sources and dynamics of joy in social work, as well as the factors that contribute to the success of a helping intervention. For example, some of the stories shared by social workers were pivotal in their professional journey, even playing a crucial role in motivating them to remain in the profession after considering leaving it. These insights could be leveraged to guide both individuals and organisations in implementing more effective strategies to prevent burnout and compassion fatigue in social work. Joy, as highlighted by Pooler et al. (2014a), can act as a protective buffer against burnout and emotional exhaustion, reinforcing the importance of fostering positive experiences within the profession;
• Fostering connection: the stories allow social workers to relate to shared experiences, fostering a sense of community within the profession. The findings align with research on resilience and emotional engagement, highlighting the importance of supportive professional relationships (Wagaman et al. 2015);
• Generating motivation and pride: reflection on joyful experiences can inspire a sense of purpose and reaffirm the significance of social work. In fact, the awareness of how meaningful social workers are in improving the lives of their service users emerges as a source of joy in the material collected in this study and is also highlighted as a source of professional pride in other studies (Savaya 2022);
• Encouraging professional growth: engaging in reflective practices based on joyful moments can enhance resilience and strengthen professional identity. This outcome complements, rather than contradicts, previous research that has emphasised the importance of reflecting on experiences of failure and mistakes. In the latter case, the sense of inadequacy often associated with making a mistake, along with the additional emotions of distress, can be mitigated by finding meaning in the experience of failure (Sicora 2017, 2018).

For some social workers, reading these micro-narratives may resonate with familiar situations, prompting reflection on their experiences. This process can help identify which aspects of their work generate the most joy, offering opportunities to replicate or amplify such conditions. Reflection fosters meaningful insights, particularly when guided by questions such as: what experiences bring me the most joy? What role does gratitude from service users play in my professional satisfaction? How do my colleagues and organisational environment contribute to my sense of joy in the workplace?

4.3. Systemic Challenges and Organisational Support and Joy in Social Work

Some of the greatest barriers to cultivating joy in social work stem from the inadequacies of the welfare system and challenging organisational dynamics. This aligns with Weinberg and Banks’s (2019) findings, which highlight the difficulties social workers encounter in reconciling their professional responsibilities with institutional mandates within what has been described as the “unethical climate” of neoliberalism—characterised by increasing managerialism and the marketisation of welfare services. This conflict is particularly pronounced in fields such as migration (Barberis and Boccagni 2014) and child protection (Bertotti 2016).

The erosion of public sector funding and the scarcity of social service provisions combined with excessive workloads further exacerbate these challenges, often fostering cynicism and fatigue among social workers. The persistent strain on resources makes efforts to enact meaningful change increasingly difficult. This is not to diminish the potential of joy but rather to acknowledge the systemic constraints within which social work operates, recognising how these barriers may obstruct initiatives aimed at fostering well-being. Austerity measures have significantly reduced available budgets and resources, limiting social workers’ ability to provide timely interventions and focus on preventive strategies, ultimately worsening social issues (Weinberg and Banks 2019). These constraints contribute to widespread frustration and sadness, as social workers witness firsthand the consequences of restricted interventions on vulnerable populations (Barberis and Boccagni 2014).

Burnout among social workers is not merely an individual issue but is closely tied to organisational dynamics, including workload, workplace safety, social support, and job quality (Hollederer 2022; Turpin et al. 2021; Nielsen et al. 2023; Achdut and Schwartz Tayri 2023). Organisations that invest in healthy work environments, social support systems, and effective workload management can significantly mitigate burnout risks (Gómez-García et al. 2020; Nielsen et al. 2023). In other words, organisations actively fostering conditions for joy create opportunities for increased resilience and reduced burnout.

In doing so, it is essential for organisations to recognise moments of joy and implement structured practices to support them, such as fostering stronger relationships among colleagues, providing dedicated spaces for supervision, and encouraging collective engagement in policy practice activities (Weiss-Gal et al. 2023). However, the ability to cultivate joy is also deeply influenced by the quality of workplace relationships. Disappointment in colleagues can be a significant impediment, as teamwork and interpersonal dynamics play a crucial role in shaping professional experiences. When trust and collaboration are lacking, social workers may feel isolated, further compounding the emotional toll of their work.

This highlights the importance of recognising that joy in social work is not solely linked to direct interactions with service users but also emerges from a strong sense of teamwork and shared accomplishments within organisations. The narratives presented in this article confirm that joy is not only derived from positive relationships with service users—still the primary source of satisfaction—but also from teamwork that extends beyond individual interventions. Collaborative successes within an organisational context frequently foster a deep sense of joy and professional fulfilment.

While joy remains an essential aspect of social work, it must be understood in relation to institutional constraints and systemic challenges. Addressing these structural barriers is critical for fostering a more sustainable and emotionally resilient social work practice.

4.4. Integrating Joyful Reflections with Mindfulness Practices

How can reflective exercises centred on professional experiences of joy be integrated with mindfulness practices? The bonsai stories presented in Section 3.1 suggest that joy in social work is deeply connected to moments of presence, awareness, and emotional attunement. These stories highlight how being fully present in interactions with service users and colleagues allows social workers to recognise and appreciate moments of fulfilment that might otherwise go unnoticed. Moreover, research demonstrates that mindfulness techniques effectively reduce burnout and work-related stress among social workers (Maddock 2024a, 2024b; Maddock et al. 2024). Building on these findings, blending structured reflective practices with mindfulness techniques can enable social workers to embrace a holistic approach to emotional well-being (Maddock et al. 2023).

For instance, mindfulness exercises such as grounding or body scans can enrich the clarity and depth of reflective writing, enabling social workers to process and internalise positive experiences more effectively. While mindfulness fosters presence and self-awareness, reflective practices deepen understanding and facilitate learning from experiences. Together, these complementary approaches offer a powerful framework for building resilience, mitigating burnout, and enhancing the overall quality of social work practice (Kinman et al. 2020; Maddock et al. 2023).

As noted in the introduction to this article, mindfulness and reflective practice have distinct purposes, methods, and goals, but they may complement each other effectively. Reflecting on emotionally intense experiences of joy—especially when guided by well-crafted questions and, ideally, with the support of another person—enhances awareness and understanding of those moments. Sharing such stories collectively not only enriches individual insights but also fosters a sense of common humanity—a core element of self-compassion (Neff 2011; Neff and Germer 2024)—which is increasingly recognised as a valuable resource in social work practice and education (Iacono 2017; Miller et al. 2020).

While this dimension is only partially evident in the stories presented here, it is more broadly reflected in the author’s experiences conducting these workshops. The collective sharing phase—where participants read, commented on, and discussed the stories after producing them—emerged as a source of further reflections and meaningful interactions. The act of sharing these narratives often revealed profound connections, reinforcing the metaphorical realisation that social workers are “all in the same boat.” This recognition of shared human experience fostered greater empathy and solidarity among the participants.

Integrating mindfulness techniques with reflective practices represents a promising area for future exploration and experimentation, offering the potential to develop new strategies for enhancing the well-being and professional development of social workers.

5. Conclusions

The analysis of the material collected in this study highlights how joy emerges in specific professional situations for social workers. The stories presented in the results section illustrate these experiences, revealing that joy can stem from various sources. It may arise through moments of mindful presence, the development of trust-based relationships cultivated over time, or the heartfelt expressions of gratitude received from service users. Additionally, social workers often experience joy when they witness the happiness of those they support, as well as when they engage in collaborative efforts with colleagues and partner organisations.

Joy is also evident in more complex contexts, such as when assisting children and families through reunifications or adoptions, or when supporting older adults, individuals with disabilities, and people facing the end of life. In these situations, social workers find fulfilment in preserving dignity and offering hope despite the challenges involved.

This material provides a foundation for understanding how joy manifests in social work practice. Four key themes emerge from this analysis: the role of joy in fostering resilience and professional fulfilment, the importance of reflecting on joyful experiences, the impact of systemic challenges and organisational support, and the integration of joyful reflections with mindfulness practices.

The exploration of social workers’ experiences of joy presented here is inevitably partial and carries several limitations. These stem from the specific contexts in which the stories were created and collected—primarily training and professional development settings—and the peculiar national environments involved. Another limitation lies in the fact that the participants were drawn exclusively from training workshops rather than broader research-based contexts, which may restrict the generalisability of the findings particularly since no specific data were collected on participants’ individual profiles.

Although mindfulness strategies were not explicitly introduced during the workshops, the findings suggest that some social workers naturally engaged in mindful reflection, incorporating elements of present-moment awareness into their bonsai stories. This organic interplay between joy and mindfulness indicates that mindfulness was implicitly embedded in some of the narratives, shaping the reflective process in ways that were not initially anticipated. The thematic organisation of the bonsai stories provides valuable insights into these emergent connections, deepening the understanding of joy in social work practice.

Despite these constraints, the study identifies key areas where experiences of joy are more likely to emerge, providing valuable insights into opportunities for enhancing social workers’ well-being and, in turn, improving the quality of the services they provide.

It is up to organisations to create opportunities for moments of joy within their structures, whether through supervision sessions, specially designed training initiatives, or meetings aimed at collectively reflecting on shared joyful experiences. Tools like Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle or concise reflective writing strategies such as bonsai stories can be particularly effective in facilitating this process.

For individual social workers, reading and reflecting on the stories of others can serve as a powerful means of fostering greater awareness of their own joyful experiences. Such reflection can lead to deeper insights and significant professional growth in this area.

Another critical point is recognising that social workers, regardless of their national or organisational contexts, are united by shared challenges and opportunities. Interestingly, the conditions and experiences of joy described in the stories display a remarkable level of consistency across diverse settings.

Finally, one essential takeaway is the importance of metaphorically “savouring” joyful experiences. This practice encourages greater self-kindness, particularly during periods of intense work pressure. In moments when stress and frustration risk leading to burnout—common in the social work profession—recalling and reflecting on joyful experiences can help alleviate these negative feelings.

Integrating reflective practice on joy with mindfulness techniques offers an opportunity to enhance the benefits of both approaches. This combination can create positive synergistic effects, improving the well-being of professionals and, by extension, the outcomes for the individuals and communities they serve.