The Prevalence and Serological Association of Hepatitis D Virus Genotypes in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Baseline Characteristics of HBV/HDV Superinfected Patients
2.2. Factors Associated with HDV Genotypes in HBV/HDV Superinfection Patients
2.3. Comparison of the Distribution of Different Biomarkers in HDV/HBV Patients with HDV-IV and Non-HDV-IV Genotype
2.4. Distribution of HDV Genotypes among Baseline Factors by Group
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Subjects
4.2. Laboratory Analyses of HBV, HCV, HDV
4.3. HDV Genotyping
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Total Cohort (n = 24) | Non-Cirrhosis (n = 13) | Cirrhosis (n = 11) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (Male/Female) | 18/6 | 1.31 (0.480) | 1.09 (0.302) | 0.194 |
Age (years, mean [SD]) | 52.42 (11.86) | 52.92 (13.23) | 51.82 (10.63) | 0.826 |
AST (IU/L, mean [SD]) | 226.29 (316.23) | 271.38 (356.62) | 173.00 (267.64) | 0.449 |
ALT (IU/L, mean [SD]) | 211.13 (321.96) | 289.69 (417.81) | 118.27 (106.87) | 0.176 |
Bilirubin (mg/dL, mean [SD]) ‡ | 3.28 (4.64) | 4.61 (6.21) | 1.96 (1.63) | 0.198 |
INR (mean, [SD]) | 1.21 (0.40) | 1.10 (0.20) | 1.34 (0.53) | 0.183 |
WBC (cells/mL, mean [SD]) † | 6347 (2825.64) | 7841 (3205.97) | 5003 (1610.25) | * 0.024 |
PLT(x103/μL, mean [SD]) | 157.38 (104.92) | 211.77 (113.01) | 93.09 (40.04) | * 0.003 |
Hb (g/dL, mean [SD]) † | 12.81 (2.06) | 12.69 (1.96) | 12.92 (2.58) | 0.815 |
HBV DNA (Log10 IU/L, mean [SD]) ‡ | 3.81 (2.25) | 3.58 (2.31) | 4.08 (2.27) | 0.617 |
HBsAg (IU/mL, mean [SD]) †† | 1376.7 (1,616.95) | 750.80 (1133.97) | 2002.60 (1901.96) | 0.242 |
HBeAg (positive/negative) | (2/22) | 0.92 (0.28) | 0.91 (0.30) | 0.907 |
Anti-HCV (positive/negative) | (5/19) | 0.69 (0.48) | 0.91 (0.30) | 0.194 |
HDV RNA (Log10 copies/mL, mean [SD]) | 2.15 (1.67) | 2.22 (1.93) | 2.06 (1.41) | 0.816 |
Anti-HDV (mean [SD]) | 14.54 (7.51) | 13.69 (8.56) | 15.55 (6.30) | 0.556 |
Variables | Non-HDV-IV (n = 10) | HDV-IV (n = 14) | p Value | Logistic Regression Analysis OR 95% CI p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, mean [SD]) | 54.10 (13.96) | 51.21 (10.50) | 0.568 | |
AST (IU/L, mean [SD]) | 390.30 (404.35) | 109.14 (168.13) | 0.062 | |
ALT (IU/L, mean [SD]) | 334.50 (403.11) | 123.00 (225.44) | 0.114 | |
Bilirubin (mg/dL, mean [SD]) ‡ | 4.90 (6.23) | 1.93 (2.21) | 0.181 | |
INR (mean, [SD]) | 1.31 (0.553) | 1.14 (0.239) | 0.32 | |
WBC (cells/mL, mean [SD]) † | 7593.75 (3,509.24) | 5440.91 (1898.62) | 0.102 | |
PLT(x103 /μL, mean [SD]) | 170.90 (137.51) | 147.71 (78.39) | 0.605 | |
Hb (g/dL, mean [SD]) † | 12.90 (2.20) | 12.75 (2.07) | 0.877 | |
HBV DNA Log10 (IU/L, mean [SD]) ‡ | 2.35 (1.87) | 1.27 (2.06) | 0.298 | |
HBsAg (IU/mL, mean [SD]) †† | 2467.64 (1259.46) | 909.19 (1594.61) | 0.175 | |
HDV RNA (Log10 copies/mL, mean [SD]) | 3.30 (1.82) | 1.34 (0.99) | * 0.009 | 0.37 0.164–0.83 ** 0.017 |
Anti-HDV (mean [SD]) | 13.96 (9.24) | 14.96 (6.34) | 0.756 |
Variables | HDV-I | HDV-II | HDV-IV | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, mean [SD])) | 53.5 (9.88) | 54.50 (17.09) | 51.21 (10.50) | 0.846 |
AST (IU/L, mean [SD]) | 443.00 (435.97) | 355.17 (420.18) | 119.92 (180.33) | 0.086 |
ALT (IU/L, mean [SD]) | 487.75 (545.40) | 232.33 (287.59) | 133.83 (243.21) | 0.132 |
Bilirubin (mg/dL, mean [SD]) ‡ | 5.74 (7.47) | 4.34 (5.96) | 1.93 (2.21) | 0.308 |
Creatinine (mg/dL, mean [SD]) | 2.69 (3.88) | 3.91 (3.65) | 0.96 (0.50) | * 0.047 |
INR (mean [SD]) | 1.50 (0.84) | 1.19 (0.28) | 1.14 (0.24) | 0.304 |
WBC (cells/mL, mean [SD]) † | 8460.00 (4919.16) | 7074.00 (2924.26) | 5440.91 (1898.62) | 0.216 |
PLT(x10 3 /μL, mean [SD]) | 196.00 (79.99) | 154.17 (171.34) | 147.71 (78.39) | 0.734 |
Hb (g/dL, mean [SD]) † | 14.03 (1.39) | 12.22 (2.44) | 12.75 (2.07) | 0.505 |
HBV DNA (Log10 IU/L, mean [SD]) ‡ | 3.72 (2.60) | 4.50 (2.48) | 3.49 (2.16) | 0.686 |
HBsAg (IU/mL, mean [SD]) †† | 251 (0.00) | 1581 (1506) | 711.73 (1340) | 0.338 |
HDV RNA (Log10 copies/mL, mean [SD]) | 3.19 (2.22) | 3.34 (1.72) | 1.34 (0.99) | * 0.012 |
Anti-HDV (mean [SD]) | 12.88 (9.38) | 14.69 (9.96) | 14.96 (6.34) | 0.895 |
Non-HDV-IV | HDV-IV | Total | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Category | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
Gender | Male | 8 (44.4) | 10 (55.6) | 18 (100.0) | 0.269 |
Female | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | 6 (100.0) | ||
Total | 10 (41.7) | 14 (58.3) | 24 (100.0) | ||
LC group | Non-LC | 5 (38.5) | 8 (61.5) | 13 (100.0) | 0.729 |
LC | 5 (45.5) | 6 (54.5) | 11 (100.0) | ||
Total | 10 (41.7) | 14 (58.3) | 24 (100.0) | ||
ALT group | ALT < 400 IU/L | 7 (35.0) | 13 (65.0) | 20 (100.0) | 0.139 |
ALT ≥ 400 IU/L | 3 (75.0) | 1 (25.0) | 4 (100.0) | ||
Total | 10 (41.7) | 14 (58.3) | 24 (100.0) | ||
Bilirubin group | BIL < 2 mL/dL | 6 (42.9) | 8 (57.1) | 14 (100.0) | 0.746 |
BIL ≥ 2 mL/dL | 4 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | 8 (100.0) | ||
Total | 10 (45.5) | 12 (54.5) | 22 (100.0) | ||
HBV DNA group | HBV DNA < 2000 IU/mL | 4 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | 8 (100.0) | 0.746 |
HBV DNA ≥ 2000 IU/mL | 6 (42.9) | 8 (57.1) | 14 (100.0) | ||
Total | 10 (45.5) | 12 (54.5) | 22 (100.0) | ||
HBsAg group | HBsAg < 250 IU/mL | 5 (41.7) | 7 (58.3) | 12 (100.0) | 0.737 |
HBsAg ≥ 250 IU/mL | 3 (50.0) | 3 (50.0) | 6 (100.0) | ||
Total | 8 (44.4) | 10 (55.6) | 18 (100.0) |
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Joseph, K.; Shabangu, C.S.; Jang, T.-Y.; Huang, C.-F.; Dai, C.-Y.; Huang, J.-F.; Chuang, W.-L.; Yu, M.-L.; Wang, S.-C. The Prevalence and Serological Association of Hepatitis D Virus Genotypes in Taiwan. Pathogens 2021, 10, 1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101227
Joseph K, Shabangu CS, Jang T-Y, Huang C-F, Dai C-Y, Huang J-F, Chuang W-L, Yu M-L, Wang S-C. The Prevalence and Serological Association of Hepatitis D Virus Genotypes in Taiwan. Pathogens. 2021; 10(10):1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101227
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoseph, Keva, Ciniso Sylvester Shabangu, Tyng-Yuan Jang, Chung-Feng Huang, Chia-Yen Dai, Jee-Fu Huang, Wan-Long Chuang, Ming-Lung Yu, and Shu-Chi Wang. 2021. "The Prevalence and Serological Association of Hepatitis D Virus Genotypes in Taiwan" Pathogens 10, no. 10: 1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101227