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Volume 10
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10.3390/pathogens10070791
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Article

Molecular Identification of Plasmodium falciparum from Captive Non-Human Primates in the Western Amazon Ecuador

by
Gabriel Alberto Carrillo Bilbao
1,2,
Juan-Carlos Navarro
3,
Mutien-Marie Garigliany
4,5,
Sarah Martin-Solano
1,6,
Elizabeth Minda
1,
Washington Benítez-Ortiz
1 and
Claude Saegerman
2,*
1
Instituto de Salud Pública y Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
2
Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
3
Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes, Ecoepidemiología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170107, Ecuador
4
Department of Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Liège University, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
5
Department of Animal Pathology, Liège University, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
6
Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2021, 10(7), 791; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070791
Submission received: 16 May 2021 / Revised: 8 June 2021 / Accepted: 14 June 2021 / Published: 22 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)
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Abstract

Background: Malaria is a disease caused by hemoparasites of the Plasmodium genus. Non-human primates (NHP) are hosts of Plasmodium sp. around the world. Several studies have demonstrated that Plasmodium sp. emerged from Africa. However, little information is currently available about Plasmodium falciparum in the neotropical NHP and even less in Ecuador. Indeed, the objective of our study was to identify by molecular phylogenetic analyses the Plasmodium species associated with NHP from the Western Amazon region of Ecuador, and to design a molecular taxonomy protocol to use in the NHP disease ecology. Methods: We extracted DNA from faecal samples (n = 26) from nine species of captive (n = 19) and free-ranging (n = 7) NHP, collected from 2011 to 2019 in the Western Amazon region of Ecuador. Results: Using a pan-Plasmodium PCR, we obtained one positive sample from an adult female Leontocebus lagonotus. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that this sequence unequivocally clustered with Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusions: The identification of Plasmodium sp. in NHP of the Ecuadorian Amazon would be essential to identify their role as potential zoonotic reservoirs, and it is also important to identify their origin in wildlife and their transmission in captive NHP.
Keywords: Leontocebus lagonotus; malaria; faecal samples Leontocebus lagonotus; malaria; faecal samples

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MDPI and ACS Style

Carrillo Bilbao, G.A.; Navarro, J.-C.; Garigliany, M.-M.; Martin-Solano, S.; Minda, E.; Benítez-Ortiz, W.; Saegerman, C. Molecular Identification of Plasmodium falciparum from Captive Non-Human Primates in the Western Amazon Ecuador. Pathogens 2021, 10, 791. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070791

AMA Style

Carrillo Bilbao GA, Navarro J-C, Garigliany M-M, Martin-Solano S, Minda E, Benítez-Ortiz W, Saegerman C. Molecular Identification of Plasmodium falciparum from Captive Non-Human Primates in the Western Amazon Ecuador. Pathogens. 2021; 10(7):791. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070791

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carrillo Bilbao, Gabriel Alberto, Juan-Carlos Navarro, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Sarah Martin-Solano, Elizabeth Minda, Washington Benítez-Ortiz, and Claude Saegerman. 2021. "Molecular Identification of Plasmodium falciparum from Captive Non-Human Primates in the Western Amazon Ecuador" Pathogens 10, no. 7: 791. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070791

APA Style

Carrillo Bilbao, G. A., Navarro, J.-C., Garigliany, M.-M., Martin-Solano, S., Minda, E., Benítez-Ortiz, W., & Saegerman, C. (2021). Molecular Identification of Plasmodium falciparum from Captive Non-Human Primates in the Western Amazon Ecuador. Pathogens, 10(7), 791. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070791

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